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Tachistoscopic experiments – the past and the future of tachistopical experiments
Vobořil, Dalibor ; Květon, Petr ; Jelínek, Martin
Tachistoscope has been one of the crucial instruments of the experimental psychology since its early times. This instrument is still in use in recent times, e.g. in the area of subliminal perception studies. The tachistoscopes have been evolving since the first experiments; nowadays, researchers do not use a single-purpose instrument to present the stimuli; they employ a personal computer with a monitor screen as a display unit. Two common technologies currently used at monitor screens - CRT and LCD - have different technical parameters (e.g. decay/refresh characteristics). The aim of our study is to explore whether the different parameters of the tachistoscopic instruments influence the resulting data, i.e. whether they cause an unsystematic measurement error. The results of the comparison of four types of tachistoscopic presentation will be presented in the paper. Two original mechanical tachistoscopes (Wundt-style tachistoscope, a tachistoscope with a photographic shutter) and two modern displays (CRT and LCD screens) are included in our experiment.
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České univezitní sbírky historických experimentálních instrumentů
Vobořil, Dalibor ; Květon, Petr ; Jelínek, Martin
Historians of psychology often ignored historical instruments of experimental psychology. But the significance of historical experimental instruments is indisputable. On their example of importing essential knowledge from other disciplines and using them for psychological purposes we can prove the progressivity of psychology. In this paper we tried to map the “terra incognita” of history of psychology – we tried to describe and examine most of the preserved collections of historical psychological instruments in the Czech Republic.
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Masculinity and femininity in history of psychology
Heller, Daniel
In historical psychological study the author deals with masculinity and femininity in history of psychology since ancient times, through middle ages and modern time till the present times. He analyses the gender of concepts like psyché, anima, eros, thanatos, life and death in the history of European philosophical and psychological thinking, including the differences among European languages. He presents the examples of pictures of men and women in teaching of psychologists, psychological schools, movements, and systems.
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