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Biodegradabilní materiály a jejich vliv na životní prostředí
Mrkvičková, Klára
Bachelors thesis is focused on biodegradable materials and their impact on the environment. In the literature section, biopolymers are first divided into groups according to biodegradability and sources. Finally, some industries in which biopolymers are used and the possibilities for removal are presented. At the end of the literature search, the work focused on the possible positive and negative impacts of biopolymers on the environment and life cycle assessment of these materials. Standards, certifications, and other environmental labels are also mentioned. In the practical part, an experiment was carried out with the decomposition of wet wipes under the conditions of a home compost. Wet wipes with a certificate of compostability in home compost and wet wipes without a certificate that were labelled as 100 % biodegradable by the manufacturer were examined. The goal was to verify the biodegradability of both products and compare their decomposition success rates.
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Vliv různých způsobů aplikace kompostu na mikrobiální aktivity a růst rostlin
Přibylová, Eva
Submitted diploma thesis entitled Effect of different methods of compost application on microbial activity and plant growth with investigation of the effect of certified Černý drak compost on the growth of 12 model lettuce plants. The introductiory part of the thesis is focused on basic knowledge about soil and compost, where the issue of compost application and the presence of edafon, which has an irreplaceable function in the soil environment, is described in more detail. Furthermore, the legal framework in the field of model plants planted in nutrient-poor soil in combination with certified Černý drak compost, which was collected at a compost plant in Brno, and the development of plants planted only soil that in poor in the important content of substances needed for plant growth. In container trials, compost was applied to the soil surface and into the soil body. The aim of this experiment was to clarify and find a suitable and appropriate method of compost application in plant cultivation. After compensating for the time needed to grow the model plants, the contend of leached nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus was determined in the laboratry. The amount of aboveground biomass grown was also evaluated. However, the dosage of compost depends on the cultivated crop, the given soil and the time of application.
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Intensive composting technologies and their applications
Kuba, Petr ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with intensive composting. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes information about the composting process and the possibilities of sanitation. The ability to sanitize is essential in the treatment of potentially hazardous biodegradable wastes. The theory also includes information on the preparation of the stockpile, the appropriate composition of materials and the influence of other factors - temperature, aeration rate and turning. It also explains the differences between manual and intensive composting technologies, gives examples of technologies and explains their principles. Last but not least, the advantages of applying compost to the soil are mentioned. The experimental part is devoted to the Multiferm device and the tests of the composting process carried out on this unit. The tests aim to find the optimal parameters for the whole composting process and to ensure the sanitation process. Although the parameters are influenced by several factors, the compost sanitation process is achieved in one of the tests.
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Vliv huminových kyselin na vybrané půdní charakteristiky
KLENOTOVÁ, Eva
Humic substances, especially humic acids, are classified among the so-called soil auxiliary substances that positively affect the quality of the soil. As part of the diploma thesis, humic acids were isolated from these sources. Their influence on selected soil characteristics was investigated, particularly the carbon content in different size fractions and the number of water-resistant macroaggregates. The experiment was conducted in the form of pot vegetation experiments. It was found that the highest content of organic carbon contained leonardite. On the contrary, the smallest amount was found in the compost. The influence of humic acids on the formation of macroaggregates was demonstrated by the method of dry and wet sieving. The best effects were achieved when humic acids from leonardite and peat were applied. In all variants of wet sieving, vegetation had a positive impact on the macroaggregate formation, which may result from the synergistic effect of humic acids and the activity of plant roots.
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Hodnocení vybraných fyzikálních vlastností půd u vinic
Málek, Libor
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of selected physical properties of soils in a vineyard. The site where the measurement took place was the Mendeleum complex in Lednice na Moravě, close to the Faculty of Horticulture of Mendel University in Brno. The experiment took place in the spring of 2019 and 2020. The investigated aspects were the measurement of soil penetration resistance and water infiltration into the soil. Penetrometric resistance was measured with an Eijikelkamp penetrologger machine and soil infiltration capacity with a SATURO dual head infiltrometer. The compared variants were grassed intermediate row, control in the form of black eel and black eel with the application of two different composts with a flat application and incorporation next to the awning belt. The results were graphically evaluated in the MS excel program.
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Vliv aplikovaného biouhlu na biologickou aktivitu půdy a růst vybrané zemědělské plodiny
Řezníček, David
In recent years, biochar has been extensively studied for its potential to significantly increase some of the soil characteristics and its ability to mitigate the effects of ongo-ing climate change through carbon sequestration. One of the most discussed issues regarding biochar is its impact on soil biological activity and crop growth. Therefore, we conducted a pot experiment with a model crop of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Soil samples were taken during the experiment to determine basal respiration (BR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production. These values indicate biological activity of the soil. Ion exchange discs were placed under the pots to determine the amount of mineral nitrogen leached. In addition, nets with model cellulose were placed to the soil to determine the activity of decomposers. At the end of the experiment, parameters of plants growth were determined. The positive effect of biochar, which underwent a composting process, was observed only in the case with simultaneously applied mineral nitrogen. However, without applied mineral N, this positive effect did not occur, and the effect of the biochar was in some cases negative. If mineral nitrogen was applied, we observed an increased leakage from the system. The supply of organic matter (compost, biochar) has led to a reduction in these losses of mineral nitrogen from the agroecosystem. Measurement of basal and substrate-induced respiration confirmed an assumption that soils with sufficient organic matter content has a stable and well-developed active community of microorganisms, evenly supplied with the main biogenic nutrients.
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Kompostovací proces v Kompostárně Želivec, Agora, s. r. o.
Křapáčková, Klára
The bachelor thesis is entitled Composting process in the Composting Plant Želivec, AGORA s.r.o. The main subject of the work is the description of processes of biodegradable waste management, namely composting and an anaerobic digestion. Furthermore, composting, its principle, conditions, and possible places of use of this process and technology are being discussed in more detail. The result of the bachelor thesis is the characteristics and evaluation of the composting process in the Composting Plant Želivec, AGORA s.r.o., using a description of the technology, systems and equipment used. It is a combination of composting in a composting hall and a method of composting in belt piles in the open space.
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Education programs with theme "Life in the soil" for kindergartens
VACKOVÁ, Irena
This diploma thesis deals with educational programs for kindergartens with the theme "Life in Soil". The theoretical part deals with environmental education in kindergartens and its forms. Furthermore, it focuses on various aspects of the topic "Life in Soil", such as the properties of the soil, organisms we can find there, their characteristics, how to observe them and the definition of a compost. The practical part of the thesis describes educational programs and activities, children's motivation and overlap with other parts of the school educational program of preschool education, and also the necessary aids. It discusses specific forms of the activities - they should be rich in information, comprehensible, engaging all senses, using children's activity and creativity, strengthening their independent decision-making and thinking and, last but not least, entertaining. The diploma thesis presents two educational programs for kindergartens. The educational programs have already been organized several times and they have met with a positive response. The thesis brings proposals of everyday activities related to the topic "Life in Soil" for children in kindergartens reflecting various aspects of their education - the development of the senses, mathematical concepts, vocabulary, pre-reading literacy, graphomotoric skills, cognitive abilities and knowledge, as well as art and work activities, physical activities, outdoor activities and music and drama education. It also contains an evaluation of the past activities. The topic "Life in Soil" was chosen with respect to its overlap with natural sciences and environmental protection.
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Storing of manure, treated sludge and feed on agricultural land
Svoboda, Pavel ; Wollnerová, Jana ; Kozlovská, Lada ; Klír, Jan
Solid manure of various livestock, compost and, more recently, digestate separates may be deposited on agricultural land under certain conditions. The rules for their imposition are laid down by legislation. The methods of storing treated sludge and voluminous fodder, such as silage and hay, and the operation of feeding grounds on agricultural land are also determined by current legislation. Of the mineral fertilizers, it is possible to deposit on agricultural land only the calcium fertilizer (sugar bowl, fertilizers based on ground limestone). The methodology responds to the changes in legislation in 2020 and 2021, is based, among other things, on agricultural practice and provides comprehensive guidance for storing these materials and operating feeding grounds on agricultural land. It clearly describes all measures aimed at maintaining the quality of the material stored and reducing the risk of environmental pollution, in particular surface water and groundwater. It also recommends the possibility of reclamation after delivery of fertilizers, treated sludge, removal of feed and closure of the feeding grounds. Particular attention shall be paid to measures addressing the potential of sites in vulnerable areas identified under the Nitrates Directive Action Programme. Last but not least, the methodology also includes instructions for selecting a suitable place to store fertilisers, treated sludge and voluminous feed, or a place to feed, using data from the Land Register (LPIS) at the Farmer's Portal.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Czech public opinion on sorting organic waste and composting – Food 2021
Hanzlová, Radka
The Public Opinion Research Centre’s special ‘Food 2021’ survey also explored the subject of the sorting of organic waste and composting. Almost three-quarters of Czech households sort their organic waste (32% always, 24% sometimes, 17% rarely) and less than one-quarter (24%) never do so. The most common methods of sorting organic waste used by Czech households are garden composting (43%) or the ‘brown-bin’ organic waste containers provided by public services (36%). Almost one-half (49%) of respondents indicated that they at least sometimes use substrate compost for plant cultivation and just under one-third (31%) use commercially available compost for this purpose.
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