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Deaths in the presence of opiates in Prague in 2005-2010
Zvingerová, Nina ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zábranský, Tomáš (referee)
GOALS: The thesis is theoretically - experimentally oriented. In the theoretical part it studies opioids as substances, representatives of particular opioids including their pharmacological impact, risks of their use, a mechanism of deaths of their users, dividing of drug-related deaths and their reasons, associated risk factors. It deals also with a procedure of an investigation of these drug-related deaths and with a data collection. The main goal of the practical part of this thesis is an analysis of the data and describing of the structure and circumstances of opiate-related deaths which had been occurring in the Prague city between the years 2005-2011. FILE: The researched file consists of data from 55 autopsy reports of drug users who died in relation with using of opiates which collected at three Prague institutes of forensic medicine. The main criterion for nomination to the researched file was a presence of opioids in bodies of deceased. METHODS: Obtained data were analyzed by using of a descriptive statistics. A frequency and characteristics of variables were stipulated and results were described and evaluated graphically in charts and graphs. Toxicological results were put through qualitative and quantitative analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A description of the socio-demographic...
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Consumption of analgetics and their abuse in the Czech Republic
Ivanovová, Lucie ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Zábranský, Tomáš (referee)
The work is primarily concerned with acting analgesic drugs, which is of considerable interest to measure the amount of analgesics consumed in the Czech Republic from 2005 to 2009, according to documents published by the State Office for Drug Control. This is a theoretical work, and although it contains elements of active data acquisition, so it is rather an analysis of the background, and therefore the practical part of this work is still presented as theoretical. Given the considerable breadth of the subject and the sample size of this group of drugs is a partial step of targeting simplicity of an inventory of the consumption of medicinal substances in the orientation of the ATC M01, M02 and N02, and also to express the route of administration according to the organism in the consumption of packaging distributed in the Czech Republic in that period of time. On the basis of this report is simultaneously pursued goals of this work - the abuse of drugs with the most concrete outcomes as possible, ideally the volume of abused analgesics. It went from a hypothesis that the volume of abused painkillers can not be precisely quantified. The main objective is therefore to develop a framework of proposals which would need to calculate the number of abused painkillers. The first indicator is the number of diagnosed...
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The use of psychotropic substances in the "goth" subculture
Jurnikl, Radek ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
The thesis mapping the use of psychotropic substances in the specific youth subcultures - Goth, which the author himself is a member. The theoretical part is briefly sketched the definition of culture and subcultures, and describes Goth subculture for notion of the survey respondents. It then states the author's previous research, which was conducted in Prague on monthly social event, and presents the results of population surveys on annual reports to compare the obtained data. The practical section provides the actual data from 169 respondents to a comprehensive lifetime, annual and monthly experience with psychotropic substance and the author states as well as daily and risk taking. It describes the process using a web questionnaire self- selection and focus groups for evaluation questionnaire. Questionnaire examine frequency of use of the twelve groups of psychotropic substances, risk taking (CAGE, CAST, Fageström test), and asked about the possible addiction (According to the criteria of ICD - 10). In discussion, the author considers the possibilities of improving the questionnaire, using other quantitative methods for research and compares the specified prevalence data and presents a risk (3 or more points CAGE reached 7.3 % of men and 5.3 % women, strong dependence on nicotine mentions 20 %...
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The risk factors of viral blood borne infections in the Czech prisons.
Vítová, Sonja ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Charles University in Prague Study programme: Specialization in Health Care Branch of Study: Addictology Sonja Vítová The risk factors of viral blood borne infections in the Czech prisons BACHELOR'S THESIS Advisor: MUDr. Tomáš Zábranský Ph.D. PRAGUE, 2014 Abstract: Introduction:The blood-borne viral diseases mean for the prison environment serious health problem. So far there was no data in the Czech Republic that would be presented the distribution and dynamics of the disease in the prison population. Methodology: A study that uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted in four Czech facilities for imprisonment selected to represent the possible range (34 totals) such prisons in the Czech Republic. In the sero-prevalence part of the study tests for the presence of antibodies against HIV and HCV were conducted at 967 prisons (700 M and 267 F). During the tests were collected basic anamnesis data and qualitative in-depth interviews in a randomly selected sample of 380 prisoners (235 M and 145 F). The 283 (167 M and 116 F, the total number of 693; detection rate of 40.8%) members as follows based cohort with negative results in both tests were tested again in the range of 8-11 months from the first test by using the same combination of methods (in-depth interview: 112 (80 M and 32...
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The use of psychotropic substances in the "goth" subculture
Jurnikl, Radek ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
The thesis mapping the use of psychotropic substances in the specific youth subcultures - Goth, which the author himself is a member. The theoretical part is briefly sketched the definition of culture and subcultures, and describes Goth subculture for notion of the survey respondents. It then states the author's previous research, which was conducted in Prague on monthly social event, and presents the results of population surveys on annual reports to compare the obtained data. The practical section provides the actual data from 169 respondents to a comprehensive lifetime, annual and monthly experience with psychotropic substance and the author states as well as daily and risk taking. It describes the process using a web questionnaire self- selection and focus groups for evaluation questionnaire. Questionnaire examine frequency of use of the twelve groups of psychotropic substances, risk taking (CAGE, CAST, Fageström test), and asked about the possible addiction (According to the criteria of ICD - 10). In discussion, the author considers the possibilities of improving the questionnaire, using other quantitative methods for research and compares the specified prevalence data and presents a risk (3 or more points CAGE reached 7.3 % of men and 5.3 % women, strong dependence on nicotine mentions 20 %...
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Descriptive analysis and evaluation of the opioid substitution treatment in Kazakhstan
Čečeleva, Olga ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background: In Kazakhstan, opioid substitution therapy (OST) has been a controversial topic since its introduction in 2008. Aim: To examine and analyse factors influencing approach towards OST among OST patients, opioid-dependent drug users who could re-consider engagement in this therapeutic method, as well as attitudes of selected key organisations and their representatives. Methods: A survey method complemented by semi-structured individual and group interviews has been selected. One hundred respondents participated in the study between October and December 2015. The first group consisted of 46 OST patients. The second group consisted of 54 respondents who met criteria for opioid dependence. This group included patients of residential treatment centres, former OST patients and current injecting drug users. Key persons were interviewed about their attitudes. Results: Patients receiving OST, with the average treatment duration of 29.4 months, reported improved health, improved social functioning and financial well-being, as well as reduction of their involvement in crime. This group showed better results in all examined categories. Most (80 %) were satisfied with the treatment, even though a number of shortcomings have been reported. All OST patients considered necessary to expand the availability...
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Health and Social Risks of Cannabis Use Among Spanish Cannabis Social Clubs` Members
Tomková, Alexandra ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Zábranský, Tomáš (referee)
Cannabis social clubs (CSCs) in Spain are non-profit organizations that associate cannabis users. According to the Spanish criminal law drug consumption itself, as well as possession of a drug, is not considered a crime but rather an administrative offence. Yet, social club activities could possibly lower the health risk of cannabis among its users, mainly because they are avoiding the black market and they can control the drug quality as well as the amount of drug intake relating to the fixed consumption limit (Barriuso, 2005; Barriuso, 2011). The aim of the research conducted for this thesis was to reveal how Spanish CSCs function on daily basis from their members'perspective and how the cannabis cultivation and distribution is carried out. Although this is an explorative research, in addition it could indicate the possible weaknesses and strengths of this model as well as possible risks and benefits for its members. The open explorative qualitative study design was used. For data gathering qualitative data was chosen in a semi-structured focus group method (Miovský, 2006; Morgan 2001). One of the important joint activities of the social club members is cultivation of cannabis plants and sparing of the harvest just for their own consumption. As such, it's members can avoid the black market and...
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The risk factors of viral blood borne infections in the Czech prisons.
Vítová, Sonja ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Charles University in Prague Study programme: Specialization in Health Care Branch of Study: Addictology Sonja Vítová The risk factors of viral blood borne infections in the Czech prisons BACHELOR'S THESIS Advisor: MUDr. Tomáš Zábranský Ph.D. PRAGUE, 2014 Abstract: Introduction:The blood-borne viral diseases mean for the prison environment serious health problem. So far there was no data in the Czech Republic that would be presented the distribution and dynamics of the disease in the prison population. Methodology: A study that uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted in four Czech facilities for imprisonment selected to represent the possible range (34 totals) such prisons in the Czech Republic. In the sero-prevalence part of the study tests for the presence of antibodies against HIV and HCV were conducted at 967 prisons (700 M and 267 F). During the tests were collected basic anamnesis data and qualitative in-depth interviews in a randomly selected sample of 380 prisoners (235 M and 145 F). The 283 (167 M and 116 F, the total number of 693; detection rate of 40.8%) members as follows based cohort with negative results in both tests were tested again in the range of 8-11 months from the first test by using the same combination of methods (in-depth interview: 112 (80 M and 32...
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The attitudes of medical doctors and other key professionals regarding opioid substitution therapy in Kazakhstan
Čečeleva, Olga ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background A number of studies across countries have proven that the methadone maintenance program, if efficiently started and implemented, is really effective tool both for treatment of opioid dependence and harm reduction. The expansion of methadone substitution programmes in Kazakhstan may have a positive influence upon the health and social climate inside the country. The main target of this research is to survey the attitudes of medical doctors regarding opioid substitution treatment in Kazakhstan. Methods The study was composed of two surveys. Questionnaires were distributed (administered by electronic mail) to 17 centres for drug addiction treatment all over Kazakhstan. 19 medical doctors not yet providing opioid substitution treatment and 6 medical doctors enrolled in opioid substitution treatment responded to the questionnaire. Two therapists also participated this research and their responses are mentioned as well. Quantitative data were supplemented and enhanced by use of qualitative data obtained by analysis of original documents and by interviews with two key informants. Attitudes were measured using both multiple and single choice question types and a 5 point Likert scale. Findings Individual viewpoints of the first group of participants varied, but not largely. The fraction of the...
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