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Monitoring of the nervous system of patients with craniocerebral injury - Nurse's role
VANIŠOVÁ, Štěpánka
This theoretical thesis focuses on monitoring of nervous system of patients with craniocerebral injury and the nurse´s role in the problem. Its aim was to provide a general and comprehensive overview of craniocerebral injury and also the monitoring options of nervous system of patients with this particular injury, and to map out the nurse´s role in monitoring of nervous system of patients with craniocerebral injury. In order to achieve the objectives, the method of review and data synthesis was employed. The sources for the thesis were sought out through professional foreign databases, internet browsers and with the help of catalogues and databases of libraries. It was drawn from professional literature, both domestic and foreign, in electronic and printed form. Owing to the development of technologies, new monitoring techniques of nervous system appear in clinical practice. Such techniques are somewhere considered standard, elsewhere they are only being introduced or there has been no experience with such techniques at all. The nurses working with patients with craniocerebral injury should have sufficient information on this problem. Unfortunately, literature dealing with this issue and intended for nurses is scarce in domestic sources. Thus the theses might at least partially serve as a study material both for nurses and students. In the thesis, patophysiology of craniocerebral disease is clarified as well as current most often applied methods of monitoring of nervous system of patients with craniocerebral injury, both abroad and in our country. In the next part of the thesis, the individual monitoring methods are supplemented by information used especially by the nurses working with patients with craniocerebral injury in Intensive Care Units.
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Nursing patients suffering in delirium at ICUs (Intensive Care Units)
VANIŠOVÁ, Štěpánka
Delirium is a very common and serious health complication which mostly affects elderly patients and is associated with multiple negative effects, such as prolongation of hospitalization, increase in financial expenses, higher mortality and more frequent need for further institutional solutions. Care for patients with delirium means increased mental and physical exertion for the nursing staff and is also more time-consuming. This bachelor thesis addresses the issues of nursing care for patients affected by delirium. It has three objectives. The first objective examines the specifics of nursing care for patients with delirium on selected surgical critical care units. The second objective examines the way nurses manage communication with patients affected by delirium, and the third objective maps the knowledge nurses have of care for patients with delirium. There are four research questions assigned to the objectives and they are based on the set objectives. The empirical part of this thesis used qualitative research method. It is based on a semi-structured interview, which was conducted with nurses working in intensive care units of surgical disciplines. The answers were analysed and then categorized. The research survey was complemented by participant observation of the nursing staff who took part in the interview. The research survey has found that the majority of surveyed nurses did not have the correct approach to patients affected by delirium. Nursing care for these patients was influenced by their mood. In some cases, there was an excessive use of restraints and disregard for the Restriction of patient's movement policy. The nurses who participated in the interview had good knowledge of proper communication methods with patients affected by delirium but in some cases did not use them in practice. They had less knowledge in the fields of prevention and nursing interventions of delirium. The results show that nurses lack theoretical and practical experience required to deal with this very common and serious health complication. This bachelor thesis could serve as a basis for organizing a seminar on this issue for nurses.
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