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Analysis of Czech exports to markets outside the EU
Vinter, Michal ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
Throughout the transformation process during 1990's has the Czech Republic undergo many important changes. One of these was the temporary abandonment of Eastern European markets and the rapid growth in export share of EU markets. With the passing of time, however, the interest of Czech exporters turned once again towards the emerging markets. This paper presents a theoretical framework that affect trade between the Czech Republic and non-EU countries and uses analytical tools to estimate their specific manifestations in czech exports. Used concept of macroeconomic competitiveness and gravity model of international trade shows that price competitiveness of czech exports still provides the relative advantage, but on the other is the potential of exports bound by the quality of institutions. The model show that the specific demand factors used in this study eg. the impact of historical business partnerships and the degree of development of importing countries are significant. When comparing the actual export values with the values predicted by model, we observe that, on average, Czech exports to the analyzed countries is above its potential.
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Labour Productivity in the Czech Republic
Rousová, Sabina ; Dočkal, Dalibor (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with labor productivity and factors affecting it. Such as technological progress, education and development. Examines how various factors improve productivity and how PA affects other sectors. Furthermore, the focus on comparisons of labor productivity in the Czech Republic and European Union countries - and it seeks to draw conclusions. The work space is defined for comparison between the Czech Republic and the founding States of the European Union and then with all the countries of the European Union. Analyzes the current state of labor productivity in the CR and its impact on the competitiveness of Czech enterprises. Their ability to survive in the global market. At the same time predicts the possible future development of PP and the impact on public finances in the context of accentuated the need for reform. The aim of this work is, among others, are familiar with concepts related to the PP and the PP itself. And on the basis of these data to understand the diversity of PP in different countries and the resulting wage differences.
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Comparison of the Czech and the Swedish tax system
Fenclová, Veronika ; Dočkal, Dalibor (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I deal with comparison of Czech and Swedish tax system. The tax system of Sweden is ranked among successful tax systems of the world and is different from the Czech one that is why I have chosen this system for comparison. The aim of this thesis is to refer to differences between these systems and assess the impacts of the tax systems from the perspective of public finances. The thesis is divided into 3 chapters. In the first one I deal with tax theory to understand the problem. The second chapter is about Czech tax system and in the final chapter the description of Swedish tax system a comparison with Czech system is situated. Some recommendations are mentioned too.
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Immigration policy of the European Union focus on Italy
Skálová, Miroslava ; Ševčíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is an analysis of the immigration policy practiced in Italy from the 1990s to the present. In the theoretical part, I characterize the development of approaches to migration, which is important for understanding current trends in the immigration policies of particular countries and also for the future development of migration flows across Europe. In the practical part, I will focus first on the impacts of migration on the labour market, the employment of immigrants and associated problems, such as legal and linguistic barriers. I will analyse the national structure of employment of foreigners in Italy, the reasons why they decided to live there, and what influence the migrants have on the economic, social and demographic development of the country. Using statistical and demographic calculation methods, I analyse the age and national composition of foreigners in Italy, i.e. their average age, lifespan, age index and other aspects. At the end of the work I will assess the historical and current attitude of the EU and/or Italy towards Italy's immigration policy.
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Economic impacts of VAT harmonization in European Union
Ryšková, Kateřina ; Antoš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyse the economic impacts of VAT harmonization in the Member States of the European Union. The theoretical part of this work deals with tax policy in the field of indirect taxation, particularly the effects of indirect taxes from the micro- and macro perspective. Subsequently, it analyses the EU tax policy, which is largely bound primarily to indirect taxes, specifically to the most important one: value added tax. The practical part uses available macroeconomic data to deal with the very economic impacts of the VAT harmonization process on particular Member States. It will mainly be an analysis of changes in the share of VAT in GDP and an analysis of the ratio in which individual incomes from VAT go to Member States' national budgets, or how these indices change in connection with various stages of harmonization.
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Economic policies practised by Ronald Reagan in the USA
Bureš, Vladimír ; Antoš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This work analyses the economic policies applied by President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s in the United States of America. At first it deals with the characteristics of the main economic approach used in the 1970s and the reasons for its failure. Further it describes personality, political beginnings and the preferred economic direction of Reagan. Following this is the main part of the work, which concerns the characteristics of the most important areas of Reagan's unique economic policy. Remarks on foreign policy are also present. In the end the work examines and analyses the impacts of Reagan's policies on chosen economic indicators, in comparison with those that occurred under other American Presidents. It also presents the opinions of notable economists regarding Reagan's economic policies.
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Economic policies of Ronald W. Reagan in the 1980's
Kalousková, Radana ; Antoš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with R. W. Reagan's economic policies in the 1980's in the United States of America. The first part characterize the economic situation in the 1970's and the deflection from the Keynesian doctrine. That is followed by the description of Reagan's personality, political campaign and theories Reaganomics was based on. The next part is focused in more detail on reforms and measures which were established. The last part deals with the impact Reaganomics had on the American economic development and with the evaluation of Reaganomics by economists.
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The Reforms of R. Reagan - the Transformation of Institutions Analysis
Baďurová, Vendula ; Mládek, Josef (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
The purpose of this bachelor's thesis is to profile the character of the fortieth American president R. W. Reagan and his reforms. First it is necessary to describe the situation (economic and political) before his first mandate in the White House. In the theoretical part of this thesis I will explain the mainstream economic school in the USA during 1970's (Keynesian economics) and trends which Reagan used to lead the USA out of depression -- e.g. monetarism, supply-side economics and the school of rational expectations. The practical part focuses on his reforms (tax reforms and deregulation) and the fight against lobby (air traffic controllers). In conclusion of this bachelor's thesis I will mention the consequences of his reforms and their acceptance by the US Citizens.
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Margaret Thatcher -- ideological liberal or reformatory pragmatist?
Segeťová, Marcela ; Mládek, Josef (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
The subject of my thesis is research whether Margaret Thatcher was more liberal or pragmatic in her views along with pursuance of her politics. The thesis is focused on analysing economical-political conditions preceding the election of Mrs. Thatcher as Prime Minister of Great Britain. It also concerns the way Mrs. Thatcher reformed trade-union organizations, public sector, system of taxation, and shows how she managed to encompass privatization within the context of their liberal or pragmatic principle. The thesis also implicates outline of foreign affairs in Great Britain throughout the governance of Mrs. Thatcher in British policies.
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Causes of the American mortgage crisis
Deutschel, Lukáš ; Antoš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor work deals with American mortgage crisis and concentrates on causes of this crisis. The first part of the work describes mortgage market in USA and problem segment of subprime mortgages. The second part analyses causes of the crisis with focusing on origin of housing bubble, monetary policy of FED, role of rating agencies and securitization process. The last part of the work touches on anti-crisis government's actions into U.S. economy.
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