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Employment Relationships in Terms of Wage Costs Optimization
Trnková, Lenka ; Suchá, Ludmila (referee) ; Musilová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on job-law relationships, specifically on system of employee rewarding for the selected employer. Target of the thesis is especially to optimize personal outlay of employer. Theoretical part is focused on clarification of relationships between employer and employees. Next part is devoted to the analysis of present state of rewarding of employee and questionnaire survey. Based on the analysis are suggested optimal solutions leading to economical and tax handiness.
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Employment Relationships in Terms of Wage Costs Optimization
Trnková, Lenka ; Suchá, Ludmila (referee) ; Musilová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on job-law relationships, specifically on system of employee rewarding for the selected employer. Target of the thesis is especially to optimize personal outlay of employer. Theoretical part is focused on clarification of relationships between employer and employees. Next part is devoted to the analysis of present state of rewarding of employee and questionnaire survey. Based on the analysis are suggested optimal solutions leading to economical and tax handiness.
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Low- and nonenergy sweeteners
Trnková, Lenka ; Orsák, Matyáš (advisor) ; Hniličková, Helena (referee)
Low- and no-calorie sugar subtistutes are compounds that provide food with its sweet taste. As the term suggests, they have lower or no food energy and usually are characterized by higher sweetness than sucrose. For that reason, these substances are especially used during the treatment of diabetes mellitus, to reduce the energy content of food or in prevention of dental caries.
Natural sweeteners were discovered a long time ago, during the search for sustenance. For example Stevia was used by South American Natives even before the European conquest of the territory. However, the history of artificial sweeteners is not too significant, because it relates to breaking the laboratory rules. That is how saccharin was invented in 1878.
Sugar substitutes are added to food on purpose, adjusting the taste or extending the shelf life of foods. In the EU, every approved sweetener has got an E-code, which is displayed on the label.
Sugar substitutes can be grouped according to their origin, their nutrition value or their chemical structure. This thesis discusses low- and no-calorie sugar substitutes that can be synthetic or natural. Mentioned synthetic sweeteners typically contain less then 21 kJ per portion. These intensive food additives possess many times the sweetness of sucrose. The main representatives of this group are saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame K, sucralose and aspartame with its derivatives. The group of natural sugar substitutes constits of substances like erythritol, D-tagatose, trehalose, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, stevioside and thaumatin.
There are some limitations confirmed by expert studies. For example, patients suffering from diabetes mellitus should mainly use synthetic sweeteners, because of their low nutritional value.
Even though in some states certain sweeteners are forbidden, safety studies say that there are no adverse effects, if the recommended daily intake is respected. Sugar substitutes, therefore, can be considered safe.
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Aerobic exercise and its impact on human health.
TRNKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor's thesis contains a comprehensive overview of aerobic exercises and its physiological aspects on human health. Introduction is focused on characteristics of aerobic exercises and the importance of physical activity as prevention, followed by a more detailed analysis of physiological aspects of physical activity on a human health and it continues with next section about heart rate. The heart rate section is also associated with the cardiac stress test and cardiopulmonary exercise test. Other section describes the intake of food and drink during exercises, food supplements and weight reduction in correlation with physical activity. The last section presents the examples of aerobic physical activities which are divided to outdoor, indoor and water activities. The result of this dissertation is a comprehensive overview of aerobic activities and their consequences and is intended for the general public.
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