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Laboratory parameters in the detection of the effect of anticancer therapy on immune system
Králíčková, Pavlína ; Melichar, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Tesařová, Petra (referee) ; Litzman, Jiří (referee)
Laboratory parameters in the detection of the effect of anticancer therapy on immune system Summary We can consider the immune response to cancer cells as the last barrier in carcinogenesis. Chemotherapeutics interfere directly or indirectly with tumour microenvironment. Our work was divided into two parts. The aim of our study was to describe the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and urinary neopterin in breast cancer patients in relatation to the treatment in the part one, and elucidate the correlation between CD14+CD16+ monocytes, urinary neopterin and risk factors of atherosclerosis in the part two. We show that the changes of lymphocyte subpopulations are present even at the time of cancer diagnosis. The treatment could positively affect the anticancer response. The changes of these lymphocytes subsets during therapy in patients with metastatic stage of disease are less expressed. The restoration of the immune system is a long-term process. The systemic inflammatory response connected with tumour presence could contribute to the accented atherosclerosis, possible long-term complication in cancer patients.
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Risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with Breast cancer
Kalábová, Hana ; Melichar, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Kubecová, Martina (referee) ; Tesařová, Petra (referee)
2. Summary Atherosclerosis and cancer are two of the most frequent causes of death in the developed world (Ng et al. 2006). There are a lot of similar risk factors both for atherosclerosis and for cancer (for example age, smoking, high intake of lipids, minimal physical activity leading to obesity and others). Atherosclerosis and cancer activate the immune system (Wachter et al. 1989) and the investigation of ischemic syndrome (often caused by atherosclerosis) contributed to finding some common molecular trails in the development of both of these diseases in last years (Pehrsson et al. 2005). Thanks to the progress in oncology treatment, patients with cancer survive longer, however, it is also very probable that a complex cancer therapy can lead to complications of atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to clarify the influence of breast cancer itself and oncology treatment on atherosclerosis and its complications.
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Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Breast Cancer
Šefrhansová, Lucie ; Fínek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Pešek, Miloš (referee) ; Tesařová, Petra (referee) ; Nekulová, Miroslava (referee)
of dissertation thesis Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Breast Cancer The mRNA Expression of Selected Genes in Normal and Tumor Breast Tissue Samples and Theirs Clinical Value in Breast Cancer L.Šefrhansová Background: The aim of this work was to describe and to evaluate possibilities of prognosis and prediction in breast cancer. Within the framework of this study-work we carry out a prospective clinical study. The aim of this prospective study was to detect mRNA MMP-7, p53 and TIMP-1 expression in normal and tumor breast tissue samples and to determine the clinical and prognostic significance of our results. Prognosis and prediction: The tumor size, lymph node status, presence of distant metastasis, differentiation of the tumor, perivascular invasion, mitotic activity, expression of ER, PR and HER2 receptors are the basic prognostic factors in breast cancer. Age under/above 35 years was included among independent prognostic breast cancer factors in 2005. It is approved to use uPA/PAI to assess prognosis in node negative breast cancer patients. The hormone receptor status and HER-2 receptor status are the only two predictive markers associated with the target therapy. OncotypeDX analysis could be use to predict the disease recurrence interval of patients with estrogen positive and node negative...
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Stress-strain analysis of arterial aneurysms
Tesařová, Petra ; Skácel, Pavel (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the creation of the aneurysm finite element model and the making of the aneurysm wall stess-strain analysis using ANSYS software. The model of abdominal aortic aneurysm geometry starts from the CT scan of the particular patient. In the thesis there are compared two chosen constitutive models, each of them appears from different mechanical tests done on human arterial fibre samples. Furthermore, a limiting condition for aneurysm wall structure damage is expressed. On the basis of the results of stress calculation in the aneurysm wall and the limiting condition, the safety coefficient and rupture factors risk are worked out.
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Risk factors endangering people at old age
TESAŘOVÁ, Petra
This work is concentrated on risk factors endangering the man in his old age time and a special risk of falls. The aim of my work was to find out what kind of risk the seniors feel as heavy and how the dynamics disorders affect the life of seniors. It was determined three hypotheses. H1: Seniors feel the physical factors as heavy, H2: The dynamics disorders cause subsequently their isolation from the society, H3: The seniors are not sufficiently informed about the precausion of falls and possible following complications. The aims of work were completed, the first and second hypotheses were confirmed, the third hypothesis could not be either overcome nor confirmed. The results of work will be used for professional seminars and meetings with seniors.
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Prevention of Nosocomial diseases in dental surgery
TESAŘOVÁ, Petra
The degree work is concentrated on basic characterization of nosocomial infections, on the prevention thereof and on the observance of antiepidemical measures in the sphere of stomatology. Although these infections were largely related to the mortality and morbidity in health service establishments in the past, their occurrence goes down significantly these days. The adoption and observance of fundamental hygienic principles and rules was of decisive importance in this sphare. The neglect of these principles can endanger the health and life of the patient seriously end bring about the increase of costs for further therapy of the patient. It is therefore necessary even at present time ot pay great attention to these diseases and to the prevention thereof. The research part of the work is devoted to the evaluation of preventive measures connected with nosocomial infections in stomatological practice. The literature search in the theoretical part follows therefore this orientation too. The theoretical part deals at first with the most frequent agents of nosocomial infections, that can be encountered. The attention is concentrated on brief characterization of these diseases, their sources and on the process of spreading. Then, the basic classification of these diseases and the concrete methods of prevention are mentioned. In the sphere of stomatology, the work resumes the basic historical relations and identifies particular sectors of this discipline. In conneciton with nosocomial infections, their impact upon the stomatology as well as the need of protection against these infections are discussed. It means epidemiological measures, importance of hand hygiene, necessity of sterilization, desinfection and of cleaning. The aim of the work is to point out the importance of prevention as to the origin and spreading of these infections and the necessity to observe the epidemical principles at the work in dental surgeries. The performed investigation resumes established facts about the observance of hygienic and epidemiological regimen and that not only as to the general judgement on problems, but in consideration of local differences, of differences in the duration of practice carried out by individual stomatologists and in relation to the frequency of conducted hygienic inspections as well. Problematic areas as to the nosocomial infections and as to the observance of decreed provisions by stomatologists are defined here. It refers also to the influence of the locality and to the frequency of inspections directed to the observance of these hygienic rules by physicians.
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Analysis of risks of PPP projects
Tesařová, Petra ; Valach, Josef (advisor) ; Hruboň, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis deals with projects of Public Private Partnership (PPP), its aim is to describe the concept of PPP in theory, to mention its potential benefits as well as contemporary criticism. It also describes methods for the evaluation of PPP projects, analysis of risks and barriers for increased use of PPP projects in the Czech Republic.Practical part focuses on the project in the Czech Republic at the regional level, describes the problems associated with the evaluation of the project and compares the realization of project through PPP project with a form of conventional public contract.
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THE MOST WELL - KNOWN WORED CUSINES - SPECIFICS FAST-FOOD, INFLUENCE ON HEALTH AND THEIR POPULARITY AMONG STUDENTS OF SOUTHBOHEMIAN UNIVERSITY
TESAŘOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor{\crq}s thesis deals with a very relevant topic in today{\crq}s times {--} nutrition. Whereas in some parts of the world there is deprivation and deficiency in this area, the problem in developed countries tends to be a surplus and the subsequent threats linked to a bad diet. Today, thanks to globalization, we more and more frequently come across the most diverse exotic meals and we are much more susceptible to trends connected to the changing lifestyle and growing number of fast food restaurants. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes basic information about nutrition and its influence on the health of human beings, and reminds of the main components of nutrition, their function and differing impacts on the organism. Subsequently, also the influence of nutrition on the health of human beings is described in more detail, as nutrition can be labeled as one of the highest risk factors in many illnesses. These illnesses, known as civilizational diseases, threaten a constantly growing part of the population, even though it is possible to fight them successfully, especially with prevention. Another goal of the theoretical part of the thesis is to show the differences among individual foreign cuisines, remind of their traditional dishes and most frequently used ingredients. The subsequent research is also focused in this direction and its results are presented in the empirical part of the thesis. The research part, executed via a questionnaire, is dedicated to the level of informedness of the respondents on the influence of specific foods on human health and the subsequent utilization of this information in practice. The research results document that although the majority of the respondents are informed about the negative influences of bad nutrition, they do not use this information too much in their decision making. Another goal of the thesis was the mapping of the situation in the area of eating and eating habits and the determination of the popularity and preferences of various international cuisines among students. The aggregate results prove that international cuisines are no longer completely taboo, and that the majority of the students orient themselves in this topic and visit foreign restaurants. In spite of that, traditional Czech cuisine, which is without a doubt the closest one to us, remains as the most popular.
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