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Determination of the threat to the archaeological site Bylany by water and tillage erosion of soil
Derková, Nikola ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Strouhalová, Barbora (referee)
The diploma thesis aims to determine the threat of archaeological site Bylany by soil erosion. Soil erosion was detected using a combination of field research and modeling in the WaTEM/SEDEM program. The results of the diploma thesis are beneficial to the knowledge of the rate of erosion and at the same time can be helpful in research and preservation of archaeological monuments. Based on a combination of erosion modeling and field investigation, the rate of erosion and accumulation in the locality was determined. Soil erosion was demonstrated at five studied sites out of a total of eight sites. Two sites showed questionable results and only one site showed accumulation of material with an average annual accumulation of 2,14 mm. The average annual value of soil erosion varied between 0,46 and 26,9 mm. A high intensity of soil erosion was demonstrated on the erosion model of water erosion also in the southern part of the slope, where the smaller roundel is located, but this could not be confirmed by field investigation as this roundel has not been studied and described by archaeologists. The ongoing soil erosion in the locality thus represents a significant threat to the Neolithic roundels in Bylany.
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Soil archives of chernozems
Kolařík, Petr ; Strouhalová, Barbora (advisor) ; Trubač, Jakub (referee)
Soil archives provide valuable information on the past of the environment, in particular vegetation history (Costantini 2018). The aim of this thesis is study the feasibility of using the modern method of near-infrared spectroscopy to study the vegetation history of chernozems, using previously collected databases (Vysloužilová et al. 2015) to extract information from new sites along the grassland-woodland boundary in Minnesota, USA. The results are then analyzed and compared to known information and the results of more traditional approaches.
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ESA of the old charcoal kiln
Macounová, Kristina ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Strouhalová, Barbora (referee)
The topic of this dissertation is the assessment of the black carbon in the soil. The soil samples were collected in the Brdy area. Relics of charcoal kilns from the 17th - 18th centuries occur there in some places. A part and parcel of this paper is the literature search of the black carbon in the soil, of the history of burning charcoal and of the general characterization of the site where the terrain measurements were in progress. The measuring specification is a part of this paper, too. The results showed changes of physical and chemical characteristics between original forest soils and soils enriched by the black carbon. These soils in the beech forest showed approximately pH 4,7, while soils in the spruce forest showed pH 3,7 on the average. Original soils in the beech forest were more acid by 1 pH unit, and the original soils in the spruce forest were by 0,3 pH more acid. The bulk density of the original soils was 1,28 g/cm3 on the average, and the soils enriched by black carbon decreased to 0,68 g/cm3 on the average. Key words: coal kiln, Brdy, Black carbon, Elementary soil area
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Multiproxy evidence of Late Pleistocene environmental changes in the loess/paleosol sequence of Bůhzdař
Flašarová, Kristýna ; Strouhalová, Barbora (advisor) ; Trubač, Jakub (referee)
Loess-paleosol sequences preserve information that can be used to reconstruct paleoenvironement, specifically the climatic conditions and the vegetation present at the time of their formation. A dense network of reliably analyzed sequences from different geographic locations is crucial for representation of ecological and climatic trends during the Pleistocene (Frechen, 2011). The aim of this thesis is to fill the gap in the geographical distribution of well described loess-paleosol sequences in Central Europe. Therefore, it focuses on a loess- paleosol sequence in Bůhzdař, situated 9 km NW of Prague, Czech Republic. This profile was last studied in 1952 by naturalist Vojen Ložek. This thesis uses a number of analyses in order to get a multi-proxy record of local paleoenvironmental changes archived in a sequence of alternating loess sediments and paleosols in Bůhzdař. Geochemical approaches are combined with grain size distribution to define climatic conditions at the time of formation of the strata. Key words: loess/paleosol sequences, Bůhzdař, Czech Republic, particle size distribution, total organic carbon, XRF, XRD, stable isotopes 13 C and 18 O
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Carbon sequestration and carbon stock in forest soils
Flašarová, Kristýna ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Strouhalová, Barbora (referee)
Carbon sequestration is one of the most important processes in the soil. There is three times more carbon in soil than in the atmosphere, significant part of this soil carbon is deposited in the forest soils of North America, Europe and Asia. Soil, compared with biomass, is able to store carbon for a long time and protect it from decomposition and release back to the air. Carbon sequestration and its stock in soil are influenced by many factors (climate, bedrock, biological activity, relief and land use). Forest soils contain large amount of carbon and with adequate management and tree species composition is possible to increase final amount of soil carbon. This thesis is about, besides other things, measuring soil carbon in different depths and comparing the final results in total amount of carbon in soil. Practical part compare amount of carbon in forest soils of two main tree species in Czech mountain forests: beech and spruce, where the largest amount of soil carbon is stored in the Czech Republic.
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