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The issue of diabetes treatment and prevention of birth defects.
Steklíková, Klára ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Peterková, Renata (referee)
This work summarizes observations of relationship between diabetes in pregnancy and increased risk of birth defects and possible preventive measurements to reduce this risk. Children of diabetic mothers have an increased risk especially for the development defects of central nervous system (three times higher), cardiovascular system (1,5-4,5times higher), urinary system (2,5-3times higher). Other organ systems with increased risk of birth defects are musculo-skeletal system, digestive system and ear. To minimalize this risk the effective measures have to be kept, especially maintain blood glucose standard and without peaks. To achieve this goal is necessary observe appropriate diet and by types of diabetes requiring medication use choosing suitable drugs for pregnant women. Each pregnant patient should periodically measure blood glucose levels and don't exceed threshold 90 mg/ml (5,0mmol/l) of fasting and premeal level and 150 mg/ml (8,4 mmol/l) after meal. Also important is awareness of patient. Other tools used for prevention infants birth defects of diabetic mothers are regular measurements of glycohemoglobin levels, preconception planning and screening performed in pregnant women. Keywords: Diabetes, birth defects, pregnancy, prevention
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Testing of drugs embryotoxicity on chicken embryo
Steklíková, Klára ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee)
The embryonal development could be negatively disrupted by exogenous factors, which could cause developmental defect. These factors are called teratogens and amongst them there are not only physical and biological but also chemical substances including some of commonly used drugs. Those substances are recommended not to be use in pregnancy. In case of women with chronical disease, for example diabetes mellitus, permanent medication is necessary also during pregnancy. Therefore it is important to ensure medicament and dose, which are safe for use during pregnancy. For finding out the embryotoxicity of drugs the prospective and retrospective epidemiological studies are used, which are supplemented by results from experimental studies. According to OECD (organization for economic co-operation and development) recommendations the classical testing is performed on two different mammalian species. Those experiments are limited by different pharmacokinetics and biotransformation, which affects substances in maternal organism. Therefore for alternative embryotoxicity testing are used such methods, that exclude this impact. One of these model organisms that enable this is chicken embryo. Chicken embryo, unlike cellular and tissue cultures, can provide complex information about effect of tested substance on...
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Differentiation potential of human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells
Vacková, Kristýna ; Voltrová, Barbora (advisor) ; Steklíková, Klára (referee)
Nowadays, dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (dpMSC) are very popular amongst stem cells used for the study of cell therapy and regenerative medicine, due to their broad differentiation potential and simplicity of isolation. They are isolated from third molars which are often removed during routine surgeries in dentistry and would otherwise be discarded without any benefit as a waste material. Moreover, there are no ethical problems connected with their use. DpMSC fulfil all criteria established for mesenchymal stem cells, proliferate sufficiently and have a long lifespan in vitro. Besides their ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineage, dpMSC are capable to differentiate into neurogenic, myogenic and hepatogenic lineage and into melanocytes and endothelial cells. Especially, dpMSC are used on animal model organisms for in vivo regeneration of tooth, bone, muscle, neuronal and liver tissue. Currently, several clinical trials are investigating the regenerative potential of dpMSC in humans. Apart from application in stomatology for tooth or bone regeneration, they can also be used for the treatment of the neurogenic diseases and for many other applications, on account of their origin in neural crest. The aim of this work was to write a literature review focused on...
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Testing of drugs embryotoxicity on chicken embryo
Steklíková, Klára ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee)
The embryonal development could be negatively disrupted by exogenous factors, which could cause developmental defect. These factors are called teratogens and amongst them there are not only physical and biological but also chemical substances including some of commonly used drugs. Those substances are recommended not to be use in pregnancy. In case of women with chronical disease, for example diabetes mellitus, permanent medication is necessary also during pregnancy. Therefore it is important to ensure medicament and dose, which are safe for use during pregnancy. For finding out the embryotoxicity of drugs the prospective and retrospective epidemiological studies are used, which are supplemented by results from experimental studies. According to OECD (organization for economic co-operation and development) recommendations the classical testing is performed on two different mammalian species. Those experiments are limited by different pharmacokinetics and biotransformation, which affects substances in maternal organism. Therefore for alternative embryotoxicity testing are used such methods, that exclude this impact. One of these model organisms that enable this is chicken embryo. Chicken embryo, unlike cellular and tissue cultures, can provide complex information about effect of tested substance on...
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The issue of diabetes treatment and prevention of birth defects.
Steklíková, Klára ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Peterková, Renata (referee)
This work summarizes observations of relationship between diabetes in pregnancy and increased risk of birth defects and possible preventive measurements to reduce this risk. Children of diabetic mothers have an increased risk especially for the development defects of central nervous system (three times higher), cardiovascular system (1,5-4,5times higher), urinary system (2,5-3times higher). Other organ systems with increased risk of birth defects are musculo-skeletal system, digestive system and ear. To minimalize this risk the effective measures have to be kept, especially maintain blood glucose standard and without peaks. To achieve this goal is necessary observe appropriate diet and by types of diabetes requiring medication use choosing suitable drugs for pregnant women. Each pregnant patient should periodically measure blood glucose levels and don't exceed threshold 90 mg/ml (5,0mmol/l) of fasting and premeal level and 150 mg/ml (8,4 mmol/l) after meal. Also important is awareness of patient. Other tools used for prevention infants birth defects of diabetic mothers are regular measurements of glycohemoglobin levels, preconception planning and screening performed in pregnant women. Keywords: Diabetes, birth defects, pregnancy, prevention
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