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National Repository of Grey Literature 2 records found  Search took 0.00 seconds. 
The development and maintenance of neurons in the inner ear
 Wirthová, Natália ; Pavlínková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Pysanenko, Kateryna (referee)
Hearing loss is among the most frequent disabilities. Neurosensory hearing loss is permanent and results from the death of neurons or sensory cells, which have little ability to regenerate in the inner ear (cochlea). Identifying the genes that are associated with generating differentiated and functional sensory cells, neurons, and with hearing loss could provide tools for neurosensory regeneration therapy and preventive measures. Recent data suggest that the prevention of neuronal loss and enhancement of long- term maintenance of neurons are the most important targets for the immediate future. This work is focused on transcription factors and signaling pathway networks that regulate the development and maintenance of neurons in the inner ear.
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Functional properties and plasticity of the rat auditory cortex
 Pysanenko, Kateryna ; Tureček, Rostislav (advisor) ; Maršálek, Petr (referee) ; Chvátal, Alexandr (referee)
Auditory cortex (AC) is the ultimate target of afferent auditory pathways and plays a crucial role in the perception and localization of complex sounds. In the thesis were investigated and discussed three aspects of the AC function: i) diversity of the intrinsic passive and active electrical properties of core and belt AC neurons, ii) the modulatory function of the descending connections from the auditory cortex to the inferior colluculus and iii) the effect of a complex acoustical environment applied during the critical period on the responsiveness of auditory cortex neurons in rats. Within the AC can be distinguished two fundamental areas: centrally located core area and peripheral belt area. Recordings of sound-evoked AC activity revealed striking differences between response patterns of neurons from the core and belt areas. Most of core neurons displayed short latency, phasic responses, unlike the prevalence oflonger latency tonic responses in the belt area. It has been hypothesized that incoming signals could be processed differently by neurons in these areas. In thethesis we have investigated the intrinsic electrical properties of layer V pyramidal neurons by patch-clamp recording in acute rat AC slices. Results showed that the pyramidal neurons from the core AC are more excitable at rest...
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