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Application of the so-called Magnitsky Act in the European Union and in the United States of America
Hajdová, Kristýna ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
This bachelor's thesis explores the application of the so-called Magnitsky Law in the United States of America and the European Union. The so-called Magnitsky generic collective name for the sanctions regimes created in response to the death of Sergei Magnitsky, a Russian lawyer who exposed tax fraud by Russian officials. Magnitsky himself was falsely accused of tax fraud and wrongfully imprisoned for almost a year. In prison, he was systematically tortured in an attempt to get him to change his testimony, he was denied medical care, and died after 358 days in prison due to his health problems. His death sparked a strong global reaction, and over the next decade, states around the world gradually adopted sanctions regimes punishing human rights abuses inspired by Sergei Magnitsky. This thesis examines Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012, The Global Magnitsky Act of 2016 and EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime. Before embarking on a more detailed examination of the functioning and legislation of these sanctions regimes using a comparative analysis, in several chapters I present a brief context of the historical development of sanctions, which were gradually transformed from large-scale embargoes to targeted sanctions, and also provide an overview of the events that led up to...
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The Evolution of Civilian Protection in UN Peace Missions
Šillerová, Anna ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Makariusová, Radana (referee)
Diploma thesis examines the evolution of the protection of civilians in UN peacekeeping operations. To approach the topic comprehensively, the theoretical part covers the history of the protection of civilians and its normative framework, as well as the conceptualization of UN peacekeeping operations. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze the changes in the approach to the protection of civilians across three generations of UN peacekeeping operations and to identify the key moments of this evolution. It also traces the role of failures in UN peacekeeping operations, the reasons for these failures, and their impact on the mandates of subsequent missions. Mapping the evolution of the protection of civilians relies on the analysis of resolutions and other UN documents, as well as three case studies of key peacekeeping operations: ONUC in Congo, UPROFOR in Bosnia- Herzegovina, and UNAMID in Darfur, Sudan. Missions with a mandate to protect civilians, as a new phenomenon of third-generation peace operations, are also analyzed. Prevailing trends and possible limitations of these mandates are also discussed.
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Noncompliance with International Norms - The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Vietnam War
Kunovská, Kristýna ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis addresses the issue of non-compliance with international norms, namely the Geneva Conventions of 1949, in the context of the Vietnam War. It inquires into why parties to the conflict did not abide by these international norms. Non-compliance is discussed here from three perspectives: the state level, the communal level, and the structural level. I argue that at each of these levels, an environment for non-compliance was created, in connection with factors such as ambiguity in treaty language, unwillingness to respect the rules, inadequate reaction from the international community, and insufficient means to enforce the norms
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Role of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in International Relations
Křižáková, Markéta ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Landovský, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the role of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in international relations. Thesis tries to answer the question, which role both tribunals have in legal and political sphere. In legal sphere, by using judicature, the thesis focuses on how both tribunals contributed to the development of international humanitarian and international criminal law. Future is examined if and how political aspects influence activities of the tribunals, decision- making of judges and cooperation with states. Finally, the thesis seeks to elucidate the post- conflict situation in the states. How tribunals contributed to punishing violation of international law, how contributed to restoration and maintenance of peace and national reconciliation.
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Compliance with EU law in disability policy: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary
Píchová, Marta ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
This work analyses compliance of disability policy in the states of Visegrad group, i.e. Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland and Hungary. It examines legislation adopted at the supranational level and their subsequent implementation in the policies of particular national states. It deals with the development of policies for people with disabilities since 1989 with the emphasis on similar historical development in these countries. It describes in detail various national strategies, legal acts and measures adopted, possibilities their enforcement and public attitude towards the issue. The outcome of this study is to compare disability policies in the examined countries while the research shows that in the Czech and Slovak Republic the compliance rate is significantly higher than in Poland and Hungary. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Current Problems of the Human Rights Protection in the European Union
Prokopová, Helena ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
The thesis focuses on internal dimension of human rights protection in the EU. It studies the development of the EC/EU official commitment to human rights in the EC law, role of some EU institutions in its protection and the problems that EU and its member states face in relation to human rights protection in the European region. It analyses changes and opportunities for the future human rights protection system in the period after the Lisbon treaty enters into force. On two case studies, the author shows how the member states of the EU violate some human rights. First study focuses on grave human rights violation committed in name of war against terrorism; second study assays the seriousness of spreading of discrimination based on race and ethnic origin that is on increase in the EU member states. The attention is also paid to the consequences of such violations on the EU and its member states global performance as human rights defenders. On the basic of liberal theory of international justice it shows that on the condition that serious human rights violation happens on the territory of EU member states, they could limits the possibilities of its global performance on the field of human rights protection and democracy promotion that our among the basic principles of EU Common Foreign and Security policy.
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