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STANDARDISATION AND HARMONISATION OF EXPERT VALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR THE NEEDS OF FORENSIC ECOTECHNIQUE: FOREST AND TREES
Holušová, Kateřina ; Podrázský, Vilém (referee) ; Simon,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Alexandr, Pavel (advisor)
In the presented thesis is an overview of the current state solved the problem, specifying the inclusion of Forensic Ecotechnique: forest and trees into the forensic sciences in the world and its description as part of special methods of forensic engineering. The results focus on the design of standardized and harmonized processes according to the type of expert opinions. As another of the key results of the work are designed functional biometric parameters for evaluating trees in the functional diagnosis of Methods of contact flora assessment (“CFA”). Application of some methods of measurement and selected functional biometric parameters are listed in the examples in the measurement of selected forest stands of beech in the National Nature Reserve Voděradské bučiny and in Chřiby hills. As a general supplement usable in Forensic ecotechnique: forest and trees are given the limits for functional diagnostics. In another series of work includes a discussion on the proposed standards and the measurement results. The work is concluded by summarizing the results and the benefits.
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Evaluation of FGMRI provenance plot with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) on the locality Jíloviště, Baně (Central Bohemia)
Kuklová, Alena ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor)
Buk lesní (Fagus sylvatica L.) je nejvýznamnější listnatou dřevinou České republiky. V minulých letech se jeho zastoupení velmi snížilo v důsledku nešetrné těžby, přírodních disturbancí a následně hlavně změnou lesního hospodaření, kdy se upřednostňovaly především jehličnaté dřeviny smrk ztepilý (Picea abies) a borovice lesní (Pinus sylvestris). Provenienční výzkum se, díky jejich preferování při pěstování, nejprve věnoval hlavně jehličnatým dřevinám, až v pozdější době se zaměřuje i na dřeviny listnaté. V současné době se naše lesní hospodářství k buku znovu vrací a jeho zastoupení se v našich lesích pomalu opět zvyšuje.
Úkolem diplomové práce je provedení terénního šetření na provenienční výzkumné ploše VÚLHM Strnady č. 82 Jíloviště, Baně ve věku 34 let (zjištění počtu rostoucích jedinců, tloušťkového a výškového růstu, tvárnosti kmene, větvení, úhlu větví, tloušťky větví), zjištěná a naměřená data statisticky zpracovat a vyhodnotit rozdíly mezi testovanými proveniencemi buku lesního.
V první části práce je zpracována literární rešerše, zaměřena na provenienční výzkum buku lesního, v další části jsou statisticky zpracovány kvantitativní a kvalitativní znaky zjišťované na výzkumné ploše. V poslední části jsou vyhodnocená data porovnávána s daty z minulých let.
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Comparison of forest stands on afforested agricultural vs. continuously forested soil
Květoň, David ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
There are many differences between environment of woodlands on afforested agricultural lands and continuously forested soils. These differences are able to persist for many years after afforestation. It is anticipated differences in the growth and condition of these stands. This thesis deals with these differences and aims to compare them. There were compare differences between spruce stands and larch stands and differences between thickness of overlying humus in four plots of the size 0,25 ha, in the area laying near to village Brložec, in region of Karlovy Vary. Results moreless confirm a greater production of both species of trees on former agricultural lands, they indicate greater production potential of larch compared with spruce and they clearly show thicker humus to continuously forested areas.
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Analysis of close-to-nature silviculture in the Obora u Kaznějova municipal forests
Blažek, Vojtěch ; Remeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Podrázský, Vilém (referee)
Bachelor thesis describes close-to-nature silviculture at municipal property and its intention is to analyse main silviculture activities practiced here. At the common part there is briefly summarized the historical evolution of close-to-nature silviculture. It also mentions basic nature processes that occur at native forests. The thesis proposes several possible manuals of forest converting. It refers to farming in municipal forests too. In detailed part it analysis farming and nature conditions of the property and it focuses mainly at forest regeneration and stands tending. The results of analysis are being discussed. In conclusion the thesis recommends this type of silviculture mainly for prevention gene pool of forests species.
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Growth and environmental effects of Grand fir cultivation in conditions of the Czech republic
Fulín, Martin ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Antonín, Antonín (referee)
Grand fir (Abies grandis /Douglas ex D. Don/ Lindl.) is a species with potential benefits for the implementation of many functions in forest management: namely the function of production, soil improvement, stabilization and landscaping. It was introduced to the Czech Republic, as well as to other European countries, since the first half of the 19th century, mainly by aristocratic families. First plantings were performed in the parks, but gradually also in the forest stands. Another wave of interest in this tree species was associated with the decline of the domestic silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). It was to some extent substitute, for this period comes the greatest number of plantations in the country. The aim of this thesis is, therefore, monitoring of growth and production of the grand fir, but also the evaluation of the effects on the basic characteristics of the soil chemistry, nutrient dynamics and possible degradation effect on forest lands. Research areas were mainly located in the University Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy, but also in other places such as Hrubá Skála at Turnov, forests owned by Kinský at Žďár nad Sázavou and Kynšperk nad Ohří. Monitoring was carried out on already established and monitored middle-aged permanent plots (35 to 55 years), which were assessed at mensurational parameters (position, height, diameter at breast height, ratio of the green crown), in further the quantity and quality of forest floor and upper mineral soil components was studied. This work also contains the measurements of the provenance plot of Forestry and Game Management Research Institute. The results show that the grand fir is a productive tree species that exceeds the stock of domestic conifer tree species and its intensive growth is comparable with Douglas fir. From the perspective of provenance trials is crucial the correct choice of provenance, which achieves better yields and quality of wood. Best provenances come from the island Vancouver and the coast of Washington state. At the soil analysis reaching grand fir better values in comparison with Norway spruce and got it closer to the values of broad-leaved tree species. Thus it can be said that grand fir represents important soil-improving and stabilization tree species.
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Utilization of biological and chemical amelioration treatments for restoration of anthropogenic degraded locality near Boleboř village in Ore Mts.
Kouba, Martin ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor)
This dissertation contains evaluation of the growth dynamics and nutritional status of tree species plantations after application of biological and chemical amelioration treatments, impact of trees on quality of soil and on the accumulation of surface humus. There were evaluated: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), Birch (Betula spp.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), Gray alder (Alnus incana Moench.), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), Eastern White pine (Pinus strobus L.) and Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.).
On 4 research plots in Boleboř (Ore Mts.) was measured height, thickness of root collar, breast-height diameter. Were taken samples of soil, weed and assimilation apparatus. There was determined yellowing, browsing, plants mortality and calculated amount of accumulated surface humus.
Application of fertilizer Silvamix Forte on spreading windrows reduced mortality and increased increment for the first 3 years, the effect is evident even after 10 years. It was not confirmed the attractiveness of plants for wildlife after Silvamix Forte application. Silvamix Mg fertilizer application had minimal effect on the growth dynamics and nutrient contents in needles. Positively impacted soil characteristics, increased the value of the cation exchange capacity, decrease in hydrolytic acidity, increase the saturation of sorption bases, decrease of aluminium ions Al3+ and decrease of Fe2O3. On fertilized plots increased content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, increase of the total supply of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium. The rapid increase in the content of Ca and Mg is related to the liming in 2002. Fertilizer application significantly supported the development of ground-weed on plots of Colorado blue spruce mixed with birch, while in pure stands of Colorado blue spruce led to a reduction in aboveground biomass.
For the Colorado blue spruce mixed with birch plot compared with only Colorado blue spruce plot were documented favourable soil properties, increased supply of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Rowan tree on an intact soil surface exhibits the lowest reaction pH as humus and in the mineral, high hydrolytic acidity, extremely sorption unsaturated soil state, high content of ion Al3+ and low content of available calcium, although was applied liming. Technical and biological reclamation (Boleboř III.) has a long-term positive effect on the average height and breast-height diameter of Colorado blue spruce and white pine. The growth dynamics of European larch and Lodgepole pine were affect only at the beginning. Meliorated stand of Gray Alder has very good growth dynamics, comparable with Larch and Lodgepole pine. The big problem is the game impact, especially in Lodgepole pine, which led to the destruction of all individuals. Colorado Blue spruce in terms of biological reclamation is totally inappropriate. This Spruce has reduced resistance to abiotic factors, which often suffer uprooting and breakage. During the 21 years the Clorado Blue spruce mixed with birch accumulated of 66,09 t.ha-1 humus matter with better properties also in the deeper horizon. Colorado Blue spruce accumulated 54,11 t.ha-1 of humus matter. Rowan tree accumulated on the intact soil largest amount of humus matter (194,98 t.ha-1), however acidifies the deeper horizons. The stand of Norway Spruce occurred during the reporting period a decrease of 47% to 107,03 t.ha-1. The decline may be associated with more open stand and due to air liming.
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Growing Douglas-Fir in the area SLP CZU in Kostelec nad Cernymi lesy
Kubeček, Jiří ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Marušák, Róbert (referee)
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii /Mirb./ Franco) is currently considered one of the most important introduced tree species in Europe; for example in Germany it is considered domesticated. By its production it surpasses significantly our domestic softwood and its importance is found both in amelioration and improving functions as well as in its ability to compensate for spruce, so far our most common species however retreating somewhere.
The work addresses the growth processes of individuals and stands of Douglas- fir and its selected environmental effects in regions of Kostelec nad Černými lesy, and Písek. The aim is to demonstrate the production potential, economic evaluation, describe the growth dynamics and the impact on soil quality in the stands. The methods applied will include dendrometric measurement, description of growth dynamics, profitability, sampling and analysis of humus and mineral soil horizons. Basic pedochemical characteristics will be analyzed: soil reaction, soil sorption complex, nutrient content in total and exchangeable forms. The results indicated a high produce ability of Douglas fir comparable to the one of Grand fir and exceeding the one of Norway spruce. In terms of stabilization and effects on soil also has better properties than spruce. In terms of amelioration resemble the qualities of deciduous trees.
The work follows on previous experimental investigation..The output provides quantification of the production and soilforming potential, yield assessment and recommendations for application in conditions of the University Forest Enterprise and the Czech Republic.
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Selected Physical Wood Properties of Douglas Fir from Sites in the Czech Republic
Chvojka, Jan ; Zeidler, Aleš (advisor) ; Podrázský, Vilém (referee)
This diploma thesis was created to evaluate of selected physical properties, density and shrinkage of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii / Mirbel / FRANCO) wood, coming from areas of Lesy města Písku, s.r.o. and the territory of School Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy of Czech University of Life Sciences. The work tested density and shrinkage, their subsequent comparison with native species and the relevant data from the regions of original distribution of these species. It was also assessed if these physical properties are affected by location of growth or if they vary between individual trees and what is the effect of horizontal or vertical position in a stem on the tested values. It was shown that the density reaches higher values than our native trees. It was found that location of growth or individual trees have influence on the tested properties. The value of density is decreasing with growing height of the tree and increasing with growing distance from the center of the tree. Shrinkage in tangential direction was lower in comparison with Scotch pine, but higher in radial direction. Volumetric shrinkage reached lower values than Scotch pine.
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Analysis of poplar cultivation in the Forest district Vlčany (Forest Administration Nitra, FSR, s.e.)
Csányi, Peter ; Remeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Podrázský, Vilém (referee)
The graduation Theses deals with cultivation methods of poplar clonec on Danube lowlands in the river basin of river Váh. This work defines the main clones which are cultivated in the area of Forest administration Nitra, and rates their growing and production potential together with the detailed description of each used clones. In the Theses, properties and location needs have been described and compared with each other. Document also shows how resistant poplar clones are against biotic and abiotic elements and how these elements influence reproduction. We briefly depicted chemical properties and chemical values found in the poplar wood. The aim of the work was to measure two poplar stands, Robusta and I214 and determine their volume and other dendrometric units so that we were able to compare the first biometrical parameters. Measurations approved that the cultivation of the crossbred poplar clones is a perspective and progressive method for the production of either a high quality timber assortment and split pulpwood.
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Growth of young forest stands on afforested agricultural land
Hnilička, Libor ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Holubík, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of mortality and initial growth of the cultures of forest trees on a afforested agricultural land and assessing the nutritional status of studied forest tree species. Research plots were established near the village Radešín (Pribram district) in stands of spruce, pine, oak and ash growing on former permanent grassland.
The results show that the stands of spruce, pine and oak on the examined habitats thrive very well. Four year old spruce and oak stands shows signs of secured culture. Using leaf analyzes the nutrition of these cultures evaluated as redundant. sAshen stand was attacked by a fungal pathogen Chalara fraxinea during the growth. The landowners were recommended to reconstruct extensive the stand.
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