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Impact of pension reform to implicit pension debt: Evidence of pension reforms in EU in 1993-2013
Obořil, Josef ; Schneider, Ondřej (advisor) ; Soudek, Jan (referee)
This thesis investigates impact of pension reforms implemented in the EU27 countries in time period 1993 - 2013 to implicit pension debt. We applied Holzmann's (2004) methodology to calculate implicit pension debt. Primary outcome is that in the investigated period, 21 countries have reduced its im- plicit pension debt in range of 57% to 700% of its GDP. On the other side, in Denmark, Germany and Portugal, implicit pension debt increased in range 10% - 194% of their GDP. Paper also investigated impact of individual components implemented in pension reforms. Largest impact was recorded by change of pension age. In- creasing pension age by 1 year reduced the IPD by 46% of GDP on EU27 level. This was also the most often used measure as it was implemented 42 times in the investigated period. Reforms of indexation have also significant impact on IPD, however, as indexation is linked to chosen variables to decrease IPD it is only possible to change indexation linkage. Possibilities of early retire- ment were also limited, as it was adjusted 13 times. The effect was smaller in comparison to increasing retirement age where increasing early retirement age decreased implicit pension debt by 21% of GDP on the EU27 level. This equals to impact of increasing contribution rate by 1 p.p. The smallest impact was...
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Impact of the Great Recession on the European banking sector: The stochastic frontier approach
Obořil, Josef ; Havránková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Havránek, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis investigates the impact of the Great Recession on cost efficiency of panel data of 4291 banks of the eurozone in the years 2003 - 2010, using the stochastic frontier approach. The main finding is that recession in Europe has a positive impact on cost efficiency; however, there was a decline already connected with the outbreak of the Great Recession in the US. Secondly, significant determinants of cost efficiency in the eurozone are total assets, total business, interest margin, and equity, however its significance changes over time. Moreover, there were significant differences found in cost efficiency among eurozone countries and among bank types and types of ownership. Thirdly, through comparison to the Czech Republic we found that monetary policy stabilizes the impact of the crisis on cost efficiency. Finally, features of most cost-efficient and least cost-efficient banks were documented. Result of the investigation is that total business is the major difference between them. 1
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