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The principle of subsidiarity in a criminal law
Raček, Pavel ; Novotný, Oto (advisor) ; Šámal, Pavel (referee)
The principle of subsidiarity in a criminal law Summary The Master's degree thesis analyzes the principle of subsidiarity in a criminal law as an actual topic beacause this principle is included in the new czech penal code in art. 12 para 2: "The crime responsibility and its consequences can be applied only in social harmful cases if an application of an other kind of a law responsibility is insufficient." However before the new penal code was passed the czech Constitutional Court and Supreme Court had dealed with the principle of subsidiarity in a criminal law in their judgments. The first chapter reports on a general definition of the principle of subsidiarity and the ultima ratio principle and concludes that the phrasing in the citied art. 12 para 2 is too "thin" because the criminal law should be subsidiary not only to the other law but also to the all social tools. The second chapter deals with the principle of subsidiarity as a rule for an interpretation. In the new czech penal code this principle can be used only for the interpretation of these words describing crimes which are not expressed to unequivocal. The next chapter refers to the german "theory of law goods" (Rechtsgutstheorie) and the term social harm. The judgements of the german Constitutional Court are taken into consideration. The...
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The development and structure of juvenile crime in the CR
Škudrna, Michal ; Zapletal, Josef (advisor) ; Novotný, Oto (referee)
50 7. Závěr Kriminalita mládeže se projevuje řadou specifik. Tato specifičnost spočívá jednak v samotné struktuře kriminality, které se děti mladší 15 let a mladiství dopouštějí, jednak ve způsobu, jakým je tako kriminalita páchá- na. K problematice struktury provinění, resp. činů jinak trestných lze ří- ci následující: děti mladší 15 let a mladiství se dopouštějí sice omezeného okruhu provinění, resp. činů jinak trestných, ale o to závažnější je skuteč- nost, že představují v tomto specifickém okruhu trestné činnosti podstat- nou část jejich pachatelů.65 Ve struktuře kriminality mládeže hraje podstat- nou roli kriminalita majetková. Závažnější formy kriminality jsou pro děti mladší 15 let poměrně netypické a vyskytují se u této kategorie poměrně zřídka. Naopak mladiství se závažnějších forem kriminality, např. loupeží, vydírání a znásilnění dopouštějí častěji, nežli je tomu v případech dětí mladších 15 let. Další specifičnost se projevuje při komparaci pohlaví dět- ských a mladistvých pachatelů, protože právě mezi kriminalitou dívek a chlapců existují velké rozdíly, a to jak v rozsahu, tak v závažností pácha- ných deliktů.66 Dívky se trestné činnosti dopouštějí ve výrazně menší míře a méně často za použití násilí. Páchají především podvody, krádeže a kri- minalitu spojenou s drogami a prostitucí.67 K...
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Capital punishment
Babická, Kateřina ; Novotný, Oto (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
THE DEATH PENALTY The capital punishment is still a controversial topic in the Czech Republic as well as in the rest of the world today. Even though there are currently 139 countries that do not impose the death penalty by law or as a matter of practice, 58 countries continue to authorise the death penalty for a variety of crimes, including murder, adultery, corruption, rape and robbery. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the main aspects of the death penalty in order to create a complex view of the issue. In addition to that, I attempted to look at the problem from an original point of view. The thesis is composed of eight chapters. Chapter One is the introduction to the topic. Chapter Two looks at the death penalty in the world today. The chapter is divided into several subchapters characterising the death penalty in the world today in general, the capital punishment and the juveniles, the scope of the death penalty, the capital punishment in practice and the international treaties. Chapter Three summarises the history of the legislation concerning the death penalty in the Czechoslovakia. Chapter Four is subdivided into two main parts. The first part describes the main theories concerning the purpose of the punishment in general. The second part examines relevant Czech legislation dealing with...
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The issue of crime victims in criminology
Foltýnová, Kateřina ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novotný, Oto (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to the Criminal Law, namely to a special part of this branch of law, to Criminology. The main goal of this work is to explore the status of victims of the crime in our country. Particular issues are compensation from the state, prevention as an important tool of regulation of the overall crime and finally issue of different types of assistance to the victims of the crime. Chapter 1 is a general introduction to the subject. Chapter 2 deals with the historical overview of the subject. Chapter 3 explains the general terms of the topic, such as victim, victimization, revictimization, damage, etc. Chapter 4 tries to show how to compensate the victim in criminal proceedings. Chapter 5 concentrates on the compensation to victims - assistance from the state under a special law. Chapter 6 deals with the prevention of crime, namely with prevention in criminal proceedings, prevention coming from the personal of the medical institutions, furthermore with general right of victim to be informed, self-defense, etc. Chapter 7 looks on the assistance to the victim, namely to the family assistance, psychological assistance and social assistance. Chapter 8 covers two specific fields of prevention and assistance to the victim, namely domestic violence and violence beyond children. Chapter 9...
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