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Effect of on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes
Laštůvková, Viktorie ; Petr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Benc, Michal (referee)
Lysmeral (Lilial, Butylphenyl Methylpropional) is a synthetically produced aldehyde. It is used for its typical lily of the valley-like scent as a perfume ingredient in cosmetic products. It is typically found, for example, in cleaning products. It is on the list of the 26 most well-known synthetic allergens and has been shown to be present in human urine and subsequently in wastewater. According to some opinions, lysmeral should be classified as an endocrine disruptor, which are substances that can interfere with the body's endocrine system. As these substances often affect mammalian reproduction, it is in society's interest to address them, given that they are commonly found in the environment. Lysmeral was not properly tested before being placed on the market and all its effects on organisms are still unknown. The hypothesis of this thesis is that exposure to lysmeral causes undesirable changes in the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro and the aim is to investigate the effect of lysmeral, at concentrations corresponding to normal human exposures, on specific markers of meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. The results confirm the negative effect of lysmeral on the smooth progression of meiotic maturation and the achievement of the final stage of porcine oocyte maturation in vitro....
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Cell senescence with a focus on telomerase theory
Laštůvková, Viktorie ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Hanus, Robert (referee)
Cell senescence is an irreversible state in which the cell cycle ends. The cell remains metabolically active, but its physiological functions are limited. Cell cycle arrest is a response to the action of a number of factors, most of which affect the secondary structure of DNA in various ways and cause damage to it. Other initiators of cell entry into the senescent state are oncogenes and chemotherapeutics. One of the best studied factors, which is also in a way the "fairest", is the shortening of the telomere. Telomeres are non-coding regions of DNA at the chromosome ends that shorten slightly with each division of the cell. If the cell does not have mechanisms to compensate for this loss, the Hayflick limit is reached after a certain time. In general, senescence can be considered as a protective mechanism to prevent DNA damage pathologies. However, the presence of senescent cells in tissues is often ambivalent, accumulates with age, and can cause many degenerative diseases. The senescent phenotype includes a wide range of signs such as changes in cell size and shape, increased granularity, or altered range of expressed genes. A significant phenomenon of senescent cells is the secretion of biologically active factors contributing to physiological or pathological changes in the organism. Key words:...
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