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Radiation-induced cancer in the population of villages around MAPE Mydlovary
KREJČÍ, Klára
In 1959, the building of chemical preparation plant of uranium ore MAPE Mydlovary was initiated in a small village Mydlovary, near České Budějovice. In October 1962, the operation and processing of the uranium ore started. During operation, about 17 million tons of uranium ore were processed and the material from processed uranium ores was stored into the contiguous sludge lagoons. The operation of this plant was terminated in November 1991. The premises of MAPE Mydlovary were partially liquidated, decontaminated and handed over for privatization, nowadays there are recovery and reclamation works in process. Even though, MAPE Mydlovary is nowadays one of the most dangerous strains for environment, which emerged after mining and processing of uranium ores in the Czech Republic. The projection is to liquidate the consequences of this process for many more years from now. In immediate closeness to the premises of MAPE Mydlovary there lie the villages Mydlovary, Olešník and Zahájí. It can be assumed that during the processing of uranium ores and subsequent storing of waste into the contiguous sludge lagoons there could have been some impact on the inhabitants of these villages by radio nuclides. The possibility that there are still some sources of contamination and effect on the inhabitants of the three neighboring villages cannot be excluded nowadays, even after almost 23 years after the shutdown of the plant. For this reason this diploma thesis is dealing with the effects of the preparation plant MAPE Mydlovary on the inhabitants of Mydlovary, Olešník and Zahájí, specifically on the amount of deaths due to cancer diseases of inhabitants of these villages. Data was collected from October 2013 till April 2014 and it includes figures from the period 1971-2010. It was collected using non-standardized interviews and was provided by practicing physicians of the investigated villages; furthermore, data was collected from websites of the Czech Statistical Office. Aim of this thesis was to analyze and compare the deaths due to cancer diseases of the inhabitants in the surroundings of MAPE Mydlovary and of inhabitants in the whole Czech Republic (whole republic´s cancer disease mortality) and evaluate the possible influence of the radiation load on the number of deaths due to cancer diseases of inhabitants in the surroundings of MAPE Mydlovary. The analysis and comparison of the number of deaths was carried out using statistical research. Non parametric testing was used for the statistical research and the so called Fisher exact test was used, which is carried out by means of statistical software www.ncss.com. For this test the level of significance - = 0, 2 was used. The influence of the radiation load on the number of deaths due to cancer diseases is statistically significant only in the village Mydlovary, where it is possible to prove statistically an increased number of deaths due to cancer diseases in comparison to the number of deaths due to cancer diseases in the whole Czech Republic. Based on the evaluation of the obtained data we can state that the chemical preparation plant of uranium ore MAPE Mydlovary most likely had and still may have a negative impact on the inhabitants of the neighboring villages, especially on the inhabitants of the village Mydlovary. For this reason it is very important to continue with the recovery and reclamation works in the premises of the chemical preparation plant of uranium ore MAPE Mydlovary and their main objective is to protect the inhabitants of surrounding villages against possible exposure to the radio nuclides. Nevertheless, the impacts of processing the former chemical preparation plant of uranium ore MAPE Mydlovary will be eliminated for many more years.
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Development of the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic
KREJČÍ, Klára
Nowadays the most common cancer among women in the Czech Republic is represented by malignant tumour in breast. The nationwide mammographic screening programme was officially introduced in the Czech Republic in September 2002 and it is based on regular and preventive mammographic screening to women in order to detect early any neoplastic disease even in cases when women do not have any symptoms or difficulties. The main aim of the mammographic screening is to confirm or to disprove malignancy and if the malignancy is detected then to make sure that it is in the earliest stage. The thesis focuses on the development of the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic but it also pursue the number of mammographic screenings to number of recording of carcinoma no matter whether it is about the whole number of recorded carcinoma or the number of carcinoma in terms of mammographic screening and also in number of private patience. The first aim of the thesis was to find out which doctor often sends their patients to mammographic screening whether it is a general practitioner of a gynaecologist. These data were found out from the Mammographic screening Centre in Havlíčkův Brod. The second aim was to analyse the most frequent reason of patients, who requested the screening themselves. To collect the data it was done by a questionnaire method which answered sixty women. Thirty of them answered it in a clinic Medipoint Ltd and other thirty of them in the Mammographic screening Centre Havlíčkův Brod. The questionnaire was done by women younger than 40 years old who were tested for the ultrasound screening as by women over 40 years old who were tested for the mammographic screening. The information filled in this questionnaire included the date, the region they are from, age, and the reason why they came privately for the mammographic or ultraviolet screening. The hypothesis, that the number of mammographic screening requested by private patients is increasing, was confirmed due to the collected data from the Mammographic screening Centre in Havlíčkův Brod. As a result from the research we can see that since 2002, when the mammographic screening programme began nationwide, has been an enormous progress in the mammographic screening in the Czech Republic. Nowadays more women request to be tested for the mammographic screening in spite of the rising incidence of the cancer the mortality remains stable. This proves that this mammographic screening programme has a positive effect on the prevention of this illness.
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