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Health aspects of salt in food
Wűrzová, Anna ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Sodium chloride is an integral part of our nutrition and has an important function in the metabolism of the human organism. It contains sodium which is one of the basic minerals of the body. Although the salt is necessary for our body, its excess intake leads to a number of negative health effects. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the physiological importance of sodium chloride and the negative effect of salt on the body. It also deals with legislative requirements for salt, the recommended daily doses and trends in the consumption of salt. Last but not least, inform about therapeutic nutrition and the prevention of diseases associated with excess salt intake. The aim of the work is to make an overview of the importance and use of salts and the negative health effects of excess salt in human nutrition and further laboratory verification of the salt content in selected food and compared the measured results with the data on the salt content listed on the packaging. Part of the work is sample menus with different content of salt. The assembled full-day menus using the program Nutriservis represent, how to eat properly and to follow the health recommendations for salt intake according to the WHO and at the same time contain examples of bad menus with overdue daily amount of salt. For...
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Eating disorders and smoking
Riabus, Daria ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis is dealing with eating disorders caused by smoking. Thesis is divided into two main parts - theory and practice. The history of eating disorders, definition of each type of eating disorders, treatment examples and health complications of the disorder are covered in the first theoretical part. Also, there are disclosed the history of smoking, ways of treatment of the tobacco dependence and health consequences of smoking. At the end of the theoretical part there are discussions about the relations between smoking and weight, smoking and eating disorders, relapse of the disease when quitting smoking and about e-smoking among people with eating disorders. Practical part of this thesis contains of the research in a way of the survey. The questionnaire was made in two languages - Russian and Czech, in order to get greater amount of the respondents and to get more diverse answers. A link to the questionnaire was distributed by social media and web pages. Questionnaire was available to fill out from 13. 02. 2018 to 12. 03. 2018 and in total I received 101 respondents (54 for Czech version and 47 for Russian). The questionnaire was composed only for those people who have (or used to have) eating disorders and for those who smoke (or used to smoke) simultaneously. The outcome displays...
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Smoking and weight.
Pánková, Alexandra ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee) ; Kolek, Vitezslav (referee)
Tobacco use is closely related to changes in body weight. Undesired weight gain following smoking cessation occurs in most patients. The mechanism responsible for changes in body weight post cessation are only partially understood. Several hypotheses have suggested a temporary increase in blood pressure following smoking cessation. In addition, weight concerns after quitting are common, and may affect tobacco dependence treatment outcomes. The aim of our study was to monitor changes in body weight, blood pressure, incretins and selected hormonal parameters among ex-smokers after three months of abstinence. We also examined factors associated with smoking-related weight concerns. We monitored and evaluated selected parameters (personal history, questionnaires, anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal) and compared before and after tobacco dependece treatment, if patients underwent such treatment. We found that smoking cessation was associated with weight gain. Smokers who were more tobacco dependent or more sedentary were at increased risk. The prevalence of diagnosis hypertension did not differ among non-smokers, former smokers and smokers adjusting for age and BMI. In the pilot phase of our study we demonstrated that three months of smoking abstinence was associated with an increase in serum leptin...
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Prague pharmacies clients' awareness about treatment of tobacco dependence possibilities
Kadeřábková, Renata ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Štěpánková, Lenka (referee)
Objective: to investigate awareness of customers of Prague pharmacies about the possibilities of treatment of tobacco dependence, including interventions by pharmacists. Methodology: the sample of around 200 respondents will consist of customers of selected Prague pharmacies who are currently smokers. To meet the research objectives, the following research questions were chosen: 1: How often in pharmacy are smokers interviewed about smoking? 2: What kind of smoking cessation support do them pharmacists offer? 3: Where would smokers search professional help with smoking cessation? 4: How much informed are smokers about professional help with quitting smoking in pharmacy? Data collection methods: data will be collected through anonymous questionnaires during an interview; data analysis will take place in MS Excel. Results and recommendations: the results of the questionnaire survey should identify smokers' experience with quitting smoking, including their knowledge of where to go for help to this end. The thesis can help to increase awareness among customers of pharmacies about the possibilities of quitting smoking offered in pharmacies and to increase confidence in pharmacies staff. As for recommendations, specific proposals and comments may be provided to pharmacies concerning smoking cessation advice.
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Smoking and acute coronary syndrome
Zappová, Eliška ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
The aim of this work is to assess the association between smoking tobacco products and the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), particularly with regard to the age. In the practical part determine the prevalence of smoking among patients with ACS hospitalized at the Department III. Internal-Cardiology FNKV and then evaluate their views on smoking in relation to their own health. The work was compiled by the method of quantitative research. The result of the accumulated material we should find out the ratio of smokers and non-smokers with that disease and perception of current health condition. This work could be an inspiration for health professionals, who should realize how crucial importance of smoking prevention and treatment of tobacco dependence. Of controlled interview can also benefit patients, interviews were used as the possibility of a brief intervention Keywords: acute coronary syndrome, smoking, tobacco addiction
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Tobacco dependence and psychiatric comorbidity
Jonáková, Lenka ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Tobacco dependence and psychiatric comorbidity Introduction: Because the smoking is a societal problem and the prevalence of smoking of psychiatric patients is 2 to 3 times higher than in the general population, the purpose of the bachelor thesis was to map these issues for patients in a psychiatric hospital in Havlíčkův Brod. Objectives: There were four objectives defined in the thesis: to determine the prevalence of smoking , to find the most common diagnoses for patients-smokers and to chart the aspects associated with smoking including health personnel attitudes, to assess their knowledge about smoking cessation possibilities and to offer basic advice and information material about smoking cessation to the patients. Methods: The data source was the records of patients hospitalized in the psychiatric hospital Havlíčkův Brod till the 3rd of February 2014. Actual research was carried out on patients with a diagnosis of F 10 and F 20 in the period from 3rd of February to 15th of June 2014. The research sample of the predominantly quantitative research included 200 patients with diagnoses F 10 and F 20 and 55 physicians working with psychiatric ill patients-smokers. Data were collected by questionnaire survey and doctors were contacted by an internal e-mail. Results: Compared to the general...
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The relationship between sarcopenia and two behavioral factors - cigarett smoking and alcohol drinking - meta- analysis
Šteffl, Michal ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Background Sarcopenia is one of problems its prevalence and development have been studied in many researches. A meta-analysis focusing to sarcopenia relationships could open the new space for following scientific works. Objectives The main aims of that study were to explore relationships between sarcopenia and cigarette smoking and also sarcopenia and alcohol drinking in relatively healthy people over 65 years old on the basis of recommendation of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant literature for this study. Then the data which contained relevant information were transformed into contingency tables and there were calculated odds ratios (OR) by using those tables. Except OR calculating, there was made systematic review section where the ORs which were transferred from individual studies were collected and assessed. Finally age-adjusted linear regression models were done. Results Out of 373 papers identified as potentially relevant by the database searching, 20 were ultimately included in the meta-analyses. From those papers data of 33,162 participants were analyzed. It was found that OR (95% CI) in cigarette smoking analysis was in males 1.65 (1.16 - 2.35), in females 1.42 (1.09 - 1.85), and in overall...
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Food composition in tobacco dependent patients
Kudláčková, Eliška ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with eating habits of ex-smokers. I observe and analyze their eating habits and changes by qualitative methods. The theoretical part discusses tobacco, nicotine effects on the organism and on eating habits and weight. I describe health consequences of unhealthy eating habits combined with smoking. The text discusses general nutrition recommendations and recommendations specifically for smokers. A separate chapter is dedicated to addiction, its nature, genesis, forms, and manifestations, and in more detail to nicotine addiction. The practical part describes the respondents' dietary regimens and results of the comparison of eating habits while smoking and while being abstinent.
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