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Changes in rainfall-runoff regime and biogeochemistry in headwater areas
Fraindová, Kateřina ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee) ; Matschullat, Jörg (referee)
Headwater areas are a very important current or potential drinking water source. Their ecological value for the whole ecosystem is equally important. Headwater areas are sites with minimal anthropogenic intervention and usually the least polluted water sources. Changes in climate and rainfall-runoff (R-R) regime together with water quality in these areas affect the status and availability of water further downstream significantly. It is also one of the most sensitive areas and is an early indicator of ongoing changes. This thesis focuses on the main issues that are already ongoing and are affecting the availability of drinking water significantly. Some of these are trends in R-R regime in the context of the climate change and glacier retreat in headwater areas. As a very good example of a mid-latitude river with a complex rainfall-runoff regime, where a large impact of regional climate warming and glacier retreat are strongly manifested, The Athabasca River Basin was selected for this study. Related to this issue is the river water quality, which is influenced by changes in both temperature and R-R regime, together with the increasing occurrence of extreme hydrometeorological situations such as droughts and floods. The effects of land cover on water quality are also analysed, along with consideration of...
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Assessment of sediments from the Vuznice resevoir (PLA Krivoklatsko) for agricultural purposes
Cepáková, Šárka ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
The Vůznice Reservoir is located in the Protected Landscape Area Křivoklátsko. The thesis took advantage of the special possibilities to sample bottom sediment from the drained reservoir's space. The Vůznice Reservoir is discharged only exceptionally. Concentrations of heavy metals were evaluated in the sediments' samples. Given values were compared with pollution limits under current legislation of the Czech Republic for possible application of sediments on agricultural land resources. In addition, the values were compared with the U.S. EPA limits, particularly with PEC and TEC. Selected heavy metals meet the required limits of Decree No. 257/2009 Coll. placed on the sediment. Key words: toxic metals, Vuznice, bottom sediment, application of dredged sediments on land
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Impact of urban drainage on heavy metal concentration in aquatic ecosystems
Darmovzalová, Marie ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
Urban streams are influenced by number of human activities. Diploma thesis discusses the impact of urban drainage (specifically storm water drains) on toxic metal concentrations, of, in one of Prague's minor creeks - Zátišský Creek. Zátišský Creek flows from the right side to the Vltava River. The creek is 3080 m long with a natural flow 1.9 m3 /s. The creek is affected by seven storm water drains and three rain settling tanks. The creek was monitored from April 2009 to June 2010 during this period six sampling campaign was conducted. The samples were collected from seven remote sampling points, located both upstream and downstream from the storm water drains and rain settling tanks. The impact of storm water drains was assessed based on monitoring of toxic metals content in different parts of the aquatic environments, samples of water, sediment and aquatic biota (benthic organisms and attached algae) were collected and analyzed. The sediment samples and organisms were dried by lyophilisation (freeze dry), and digested in a microwave oven using a solution of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry utilizing instrument Solaar S. Overall nine metals were identified: cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc, aluminum, manganese...
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Distribution of heavy metals in small urban streams
Hnaťuková, Petra ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee) ; Zimová, Magdalena (referee)
Conclusion Combined sewer system significantly deteriorates water and sediment quality in urban streams studied. lmportant waste water producers of several industries are localized around Průmyslová streetin the catchmentarea of Botič and in Vysočany district in the catchment area of Rokýka. Therefore, Botič is affected mainly by Cu, Ni, Pb a Zn and Rokytka by Cd, Cu, Ni a Pb through the dischargeof CSOs in caseof rain and stormwater. Metal concentrations as well as evaluated environmental risk show significant increase due to discharge of CSOs in the longitudinal profile of streams affected by, urban drainage. Changes in distribution of Cu anď Zn to easílyavailable f|actionsrr.ereobservedin sedimentsof Botíč,which receives dischargefrom 33 CSOs. For copper it u'as proportionalincreaseof oxidizable fraction, for zink proportional increaseof exchangeble/carbonatefraction.The observedmobility order of the sir trace metals studied according to mobility factor was Cď > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr in sedimentsof Botičand Rokytka and Cd > Zn> Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr in sedimentsof Kunratický Stream. The analysis of heary metals loadings.geochemicaldistributionand other physicochemical parametershas enabled to identify specific areas of metal contamination. However, no statistically significant correlations between...
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Seasonal changes of water quality in reservoirs of the Litovecko-Šarecká cascade
Stegarescu, Rodica ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with monitoring of water quality in the reservoirs which form the Litovicko- Šárecká cascade. It is a cascade of ponds, waterworks and retention reservoirs situated on the Litovicko-Šárecký stream and is composed of 9 major reservoirs. These reservoirs have different functions: from landscaping, retention, biological as well as recreation: fishing and swimming. Many of these reservoirs flow through human settlements, which have a negative impact on the quality of water within the whole cascade. The goal of this thesis is to monitor physical and chemical indicators of water as well as to determine the composition of phytoplankton populations, assess the state of water depending on the human activities in the basin and also to monitor how has the water quality changed in time and what are the main pollution sources. The water quality was determined from 11 samples collected with monthly intervals during March 2012 to May 2013. Samples were collected on all the reservoirs from the inflow, in the middle and at the outflow for chemical analysis and only from the middle for biological analysis. The following indicators were monitored: temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, indicators of neutralization capacity (ZNK8.3 a KNK4.5), hardness, CODMn, the concentration of...
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Effect of potassium on stable cesium uptake by Calla palustris from aqueous solution
Petrůvová, Nicola ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of potassium on receiving of stable cesium and evaluate the appropriateness of Marsh Calla (Calla palustris) for phytoremediation. The experiment was conducted in a green-house environment where the plants were grown in an aqueous solution. The plants were exposed then to a stable isotope of cesium (133Cs) at a concentration of 1 mM CsCl. Potassium was added to the plants in the form of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), in five different concentrations (0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM). Plants were exposed for 8 days. The largest average income of cesium (9,37 %) had a plant without added potassium. The root part of the plants showed a greater cesium content than the ground part. Based on the total intake of cesium from an aqueous solution, calla marsh can be estimated as a plant usable for phytoremediation.
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