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Genetic factors influencing the characteristic facial features of people with psychical disorders
Frajbišová, Aneta ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Kočandrlová, Karolina (referee)
The facial part of the head of the embryo is formed alongside with the brain from the same precursors. The face is formed from the neural crest cells, which arise from the neuroepithelium. This means that if there is some kind of disruption in the early development of the brain, it will be shown in the face. The neuroepithelium induces the expression of many important genetic factors for the formation of the face. For example PAX3, Dsl-1, HMGN1. However, environmental factors also have an impact on the final look of the face. The environmental factors are for example diet or the way of breathing. Persons with the syndromatic psychic disorders have well known and researched facial morphology compared to persons with asyndromatic psychic disorders such as schizophrenia, ASD, OCD and bipolar disorder, which are still the object of many studies. Genetic factors that have an impact on facial dysmorphology, are usually genes that have their main role in the central nervous system or they indirectly impact through signalling pathways on other genes, which are known to have an impact on the face such as Fgf genes. The goal of this thesis is to determine these genetic factors.
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Age estimation on the basis of morphological development of children face: mathematical modeling
Kočandrlová, Karolina ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis was focused on the evaluation of facial morphology and growth changes of the children face from 3 to 6 years based on longitudinal data. Facial growth and shape changes, variability and sexual dimorphism of face were observed based on 3D facial models of 14 girls and 12 boys. The 3D scanning took place annually, there were 85 3D facial models altogether. We used the geometric morphometric methods, more precisely Coherent Point Drift - Dense Correspondance Analysis, Per Vertex T-Test and Principal Component Analysis, to analyse facial models. Superimposed colour-coded maps were used to quantify differences of average shells and shell distance significance maps were used to visualise statically significant differences. The most intensive facial growth changes were seen between 4 and 5 years in girls and between 5 and 6 years in boys. As a result of growth and ageing changes, the orbital, nasal and labial areas and chin were enlarged and forehead and buccal region were expanded. As a result of shape and ageing changes, orbital, nasal and labial areas and chin became more prominent and forehead and buccal region gradually narrowed. The ageing trajectories did not differ in direction in both sexes, but showed slightly more intensive growth and shape changes in girls. From 3 to 6 years it was...
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