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Anomalies of air temperature in Czech Republic
Šandová, Milada ; Kastner, Jiří (advisor) ; Moravčík, Luboš (referee)
This paper presents the spatial distribution of air temperature anomalies in the Czech Republic for three climatological periods: 1851-1900, 1901-1950, 1961-1990. Main stationary factors influencing climate in the Czech Republic are latitude, longitude and altitude. Therefore the temperature gradient, which was calculated by multidimensional linear stepwise regressions analysis, was expressed in a degree of latitude, longitude or hundred meters of altitude. The gradient was specified as monthly, seasonal and annual means of each period. The aim of the Mc. S. thesis was to determine areas with negative or positive anomaly and to explain the causes of the anomaly. For this purpose a method of deprivation of the stationary factors and their influences was developed. To avoid altitude influence, the monthly and annual temperature means were converted to sea level temperature. Afterwards, the gradients of average monthly and annual air temperature were used to avoid the latitude and longitude influence. The anomaly represents the deviation of the average value determined from values, which were deprived of geographical location. Resultant values were processed by Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation in the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. The main result of this work is representation of...
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Geoinformatical modelling of the precipitation anomalies in Central Europe
Kafka, Tomáš ; Kastner, Jiří (advisor) ; Štych, Přemysl (referee)
The topic of this work is the methodological assessment of spatial variability in precipitation anomalies in central Europe using the tools of geographic information systems (GIS). Various on-line data sources for studied area are presented and compared each other in terms of their spatial information. For a model analysis for the period 1950 - 2006 was chosen dataset Ensembles Gridded observational dataset (E-Obs) in the spatial resolution of approximately 25 x 25 km. This data set is stored in a multidimenzional raster format NetCDF, which is in the work presented in detail. This way of storing data for geographical analysis are supported by desktop GIS software - ESRI ArcGIS, and to work with NetCDF data E-Obs in it's module ArcMap is developed a set of separate functions (toolbox). With the use of these instruments was from E-Obs dataset extracted several time series, related to the reference subareas. For precipitation's anomalies are considered in these series events indicated the extreme daily precipitation total, or long-term number of consecutive days with continuous rainfall, or long-term period without rainfall. Acording to intensities or length of precipitation totals and affected areas are selected most extreme episodes, which are modeled in GIS. It is presented the spatial evaluation...
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The influence of selected meteorological elements on ground-level ozone regime in Middle Bohemia
Hybler, Roman ; Kastner, Jiří (advisor) ; Borovanský, Jan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the regime of ground-level ozone and influence of selected meteorological elements on its concentration. Due to short time of persistance in the tropospheric air ground-level ozone has temporally and spatially variable concentration. Therefore we especially in the warm seasons observe high-level concentrations having a negative impact on human health and ecosystems. The aim of this thesis is to recover a possible links of the selected meteorological elements and pollutants concentrations to the ground-level ozone concentration. We discovered that annual regime is managed by sun declination. At comparison of winter minimum and summer maximum the effect of sun declination was express in numbers in order 75 % as far as 80 % for all three stations. But when we focus on short time episodes, e. g. daily changes, the influence of sun declination is almost negligible. The extinction of solar radiation in atmosphere and concentrations of ozone precursors are factors which decisive of ground-level ozone concentration during this short time episodes. When occur a conditions for increased penetration of solar radiation to the earths surface, especially low cloudiness, low absolute humidity and low column of total ozone, photochemical activity becomes more intensive and...
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