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Factors affecting formation and persistence of dietary aversions
Křístková, Barbora ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Taste aversion conditioning is a specific type of associative learning. Long delay between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus is the main difference from classical learning. Trace conditioning is the most common type of conditioning, used in this type of learning. Conditioned stimulus is followed by unconditioned stimulus. Taste aversion is usually formed after one trial conditioning. Unconditioned stimulus may be nausea caused by a variety of chemicals. As an unconditioned stimulus may also be used nausea caused by radiation, forced or voluntary movement, rotation, ... The most commonly used unconditioned stimulus is lithium chloride. Food aversion was demonstrated in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Food aversion has not been demonstrated in amphibians.
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Candidate genes for behavioural adaptations in tropical and temperate birds
Křístková, Barbora ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
The use of candidate genes has become a widespread approach in the study of behavioral adaptations. Gene function is often maintained in very distant evolutionary lines. This approach allows us to extend knowledge about non-model species. I studied the influence of selection on candidate behavioral adaptation genes associated mainly with biorhythms. I was interested in comparing genetic variability between closely related species of songbirds from tropical and temperate zones. These environments differ mainly in the conditions stability. Tropical species live in very stable conditions with generally low seasonality, unlike temperate species. Timing of events of cirkanual cycle of temperate birds is essential because of the alternating of conditions of the environment. I therefore assumed a reduction in genetic variability in migrating temperate zone species compared to tropical species due to stabilizing selection. The study is based on analyzes of microsatellite loci in the exon region. I involved analysis of neutral microsatellites as a control for possible genetic variability reduction coming from different reasons than selection. Neutral microsatellites are expected to not be influenced by selection. In tropical species I found reduced genetic variability of neutral microsatellites. That might...
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Factors affecting formation and persistence of dietary aversions
Křístková, Barbora ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Taste aversion conditioning is a specific type of associative learning. Long delay between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus is the main difference from classical learning. Trace conditioning is the most common type of conditioning, used in this type of learning. Conditioned stimulus is followed by unconditioned stimulus. Taste aversion is usually formed after one trial conditioning. Unconditioned stimulus may be nausea caused by a variety of chemicals. As an unconditioned stimulus may also be used nausea caused by radiation, forced or voluntary movement, rotation, ... The most commonly used unconditioned stimulus is lithium chloride. Food aversion was demonstrated in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Food aversion has not been demonstrated in amphibians.
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