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Contribution of brain magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders
Efremova, Andrea ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Koutek, Jiří (referee) ; Hosák, Ladislav (referee)
Aim. The aim of the present work is to examine and compare brain abnormalities found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and in children without this diagnosis. In terms of psychopathology, the aim is to evaluate a possible relationship between the MRI findings and the severity of autistic symptomatology. Methods. The research study is based on a retrospective analysis of a sample of patients who attended a diagnostic examination focused on ASD and at the same time underwent brain MRI at the Department of Child Psychiatry of the Second Faculty of Medicine at Charles University and University Hospital Motol between the years 1998 and 2015. For clinical diagnosis of ASD, the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), was used. Between 1998 and 1999, the assessment of patients was supported by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Starting in 2000, the third version of the Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised was used for assessments; and from 2012 onwards, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Generic was added to the diagnostic procedures. From 1998 to 2015, a total of 489 children were diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (404 boys, 85 girls). The mean age in the group was 8.0 ± 4.2 years (range...
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Predikce jaterní encefalopatie po TIPS
Routhu, Michaela ; Hosák, Ladislav (advisor) ; Češková, Eva (referee) ; Látalová, Klára (referee)
Prediction of Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt One of the common complications of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) is the development of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE). Several studies attempted to find predictors of HE after TIPS in the past. Unfortunately, many findings were contradicted by other studies. We have completed two studies of HE: The first study focused on finding predictors of development of overt HE after TIPS. Data of 895 patients' cohort were retrospectively analysed. Patients' age, pre-TIPS portal venous pressure, serum creatinine, aspartate transaminase, albumin, presence of diabetes mellitus and aetiology of portal hypertension were associated with the occurrence of HE after TIPS (p<0.01). The knowledge of the risk factors could be helpful in aftercare planning for patients undergoing TIPS. The second study looked at HE in detail and studied cognitive changes prospectively. The patients were tested before TIPS, and 1 month and 6 months after TIPS. We used standardised hepatic encephalopathy test, PHES. The cognitive performance after TIPS worsened in the overall sample, which is consistent with world literature (median PHES score = -9). However, there was a significant subgroup of 8 patients in the sample, who showed a...
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The use of restrictive means at patients
Přikryl, Petr ; Šlaisová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hosák, Ladislav (referee) ; Machalová, Iva (referee)
The bachelor's work deals with patients'view of the use of restrictive means. In the theoretical part are given a brief history overview of the mentally ill and attitudes towards them, methods of treatment, ways of patients'hospitalization, separate kinds of restrictive means and indication to their use. In the empiric part are evaluated interviews with seven female patients, hospitalized in the Psychiatric Clinic in Havlíčkův Brod, that were restricted in a protective net bed. The aim was to determine the females patients' view of single phases relating to the restriction and their confrontation with documentation and the care staff's view. The patients'attitude towards the given-topic interview was helpful, they willingly answered most of the 107 asked questions. The quality probe found out that the patients themselves did not assess the single restriction negatively, they admitted its validity and its beneficial effect in most of the cases. The most contradictory were descriptions of situations leading to the restrictions.
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Communication with hospitalized patients that show signs of aggressive behavior
Kvardová, Zuzana ; Štefančíková, Mariana (advisor) ; Šlaisová, Ivana (referee) ; Hosák, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of this bachelor work is to have a look at the problems of communication with patients who have agressive behavior. The knowledge is gained on the base of teoretical study completed by investigations on specific group of medical personals with help of questionnaires. On the ground results of this investigation I refer to absence in communication between medical staff and patients. The impression is put on the individual nurses who can contribute to prevention and to solving this fact.The center of gravity of this work makes quantitative research completed by elements of qualitative research on selected departments directed on various types of agression and ways of communication with agressive patients as well as on the possibilities of prevention and on the all understanding of problems by individual medicals.
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Social acceptance of transsexuals
Maroszczyková, Irena ; Kutnohorská, Jana (advisor) ; Schneiderová, Michaela (referee) ; Hosák, Ladislav (referee)
61 ANNOTATION Author: Irena Maroszczyková Institution: Department of Social Medicine LF UK in Hradec Králové Nursing Department Title: Social Acceptance of Transsexuals Leading tutor: Kutnohorská Jana, doc. PhDr., CSc. Specialized consultants: Jarolím Ladislav, doc. MUDr., CSc., Mgr. Barbora Dibdiaková Page count: 96 Attachments: 4 Year of defence: 2010 Key words: Transsexualism, accepting transsexuals, respect, perspective This dissertation focuses on public acceptance of transsexuals. Transsexuality is a term we are nowadays hearing more and more about however only a little minority of our society is aware of what transsexualism actually is and most do not realize it is not only a medical challenge but also social one. In this work I am firstly focusing on the fundamental information about transsexualism such as brief history, diagnostics, phases of the changing gender process, treatment, transsexuality and its legal and social aspects. Secondly, I am exploring the presence of transsexualism in public and its position both here and in the world. Finally, I am not forgetting to mention the role of nursing by psychotherapeutic help, support in adapting to the change, preparation for the surgery and following care. The part of the research work is created of half-structured interview, which contains 15...
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The Burn Out Syndrome with Nurses and its Prevention
Kosáková, Eva ; Rybářová, Marie (advisor) ; Hadaš, Lubomír (referee) ; Hosák, Ladislav (referee)
The Burn Out Syndrome with Nurses and Its Prevention The aim of my graduation work was to give a description of the burn out syndrome and to identify preventive measures used in the monitored hospital wards. In the theoretical part of my paper I have described the personality in general and tried to explaine the burn out syndrome, its causes and the way it might be diagnosed. In the following part I have dealt with the personality of a nurse, the prophylaxis in the nursing profession, the communication skills and coping with stress. In the practical part I have presented a field research carried out in the hospital in Liberec. I have use original questionnaires which were answered in the following wards: an intensive care unit, an outpatient department and a standard ward. It is true that the results of the survey are not explicit but nevertheless a certain favourable relationship between superiors and nurses has been found. The work of nurses in the intensive care unit is very demanding and even more stressful for young nurses. The burn out syndrome has not been properly followed up in all cases. Prophylaxis is the most important thing in this Arespect.
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Domestic violence
Hofmanová, Markéta ; Kutnohorská, Jana (advisor) ; Hosák, Ladislav (referee) ; Švecová, Dagmar (referee)
Domestic violence Domestic violence is a topic which draws the society's attention recently. Domestic violence can be defined as all kinds of physical, sexual and psychological violence in all types of intimate relationships. My thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. The thesis aims at the common myths and prejudice about the topic and how they affect human thinking and their opinions and are the differences in the perception of men and women. The important question is the legislation in the Czech Republic as well. 88 respondents took part in the survey, 50 % male and 50 % female in four different age groups.
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