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Sports hall
Horká, Petra ; Ing. Josef Puchner,CSc. (referee) ; Sýkora, Karel (advisor)
The goal of this master´s thesis is to design load bearing structure of a sports hall. The thesis is elaborated in two variants of the structure design of the sports hall for common types of sports (handball, footsal, tennis, volleyball, basketball). The ground plan dimension is 42 to 72 meters and the construction height is 8 meters. The construction is designed for the district of Brno city. In the structural anlysis there were the following main load bearing structural elements designed and examined: glue laminated timber truss, wood purlins, steel beams, rods and bracing, columns, which together with the transverse girders are linked and foot and anchoring. The selected variant is also further developed. Part of the work is drawing documentation of the choosen variant, disposition drawing and drawings of the selected details.
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Molecular Characterisation of Parvalbumin Gene: Evolutionary Insights and Forensic Applications for Fish Species Identification and Authentication
Mukherjee, Subham ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Kalous, Lukáš (referee) ; Flajšhans, Martin (referee)
Abstract Parvalbumin (pvalb), a low molecular weight calcium-binding protein, plays a crucial role in regulating Ca2+ switching in fast-twitch muscle fibres and has been identified as a major cause of fish-induced food allergies. The molecular evolution of pvalb genes in teleost fish and its cause, duplication of the whole genome, was investigated, revealing high diversity and complex gene repertoires, making detection and identification challenging. This study provides robust genomic evidence of the complex evolution of parvalbumin genes in teleost fish. In addition to its role as a potent allergen, the pvalb gene, a nuclear gene, can serve as a valuable molecular marker. Keeping this in mind, a real-time PCR assay is developed to detect and quantify two European anglerfish species simultaneously, Lophius piscatorius and Lophius budegassa, which are susceptible to illegal species substitutions in the global seafood trade. The assay targets the intronic region of the pvalb gene, demonstrating high specificity, efficiency, and robustness, making it a potential forensic tool to prevent food fraud and ensure the accurate identification of fish species. Furthermore, a standardised quantitative PCR-based method is presented for the β-pvalb gene in Lophius piscatorius, utilising a plasmid DNA calibrator...
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Behaviour and electric signalling of Gnathonemus petersii in basic neurobehavioural tests
Juhaňáková, Kateřina ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
Neuroscience research on psychiatric disorders uses a wide range of animal species as model organisms. Most notably rodents and zebrafish Danio rerio. However, the behavioral repertoire of current model species does not allow for the simulation of verbal and some specific cognitive symptoms that are present in many disorders such as schizophrenia or autism. The elephant nose fish Gnathonemus petersii is a weakly electric fish that uses electrical signaling for spatial orientation (electrolocalization) and communication (electrocommunication). Therefore, the experimental advantage of measuring individual differences in electrical signaling for electrocommunication and electrolocalization may provide deeper insight into human psychiatric disorders associated with cognitive and verbal disorders and expand the possibilities for animal modeling in general. The aim of this thesis was to describe behavioral characteristics in basic neurobehavioral tests such as the open field test, novel object type tests as well as in relation to their electroactivity. The results of the open field test are in agreement with previous studies conducted on rodents and zebrafish. The novel object tests were not so clear-cut. Behaviour was tested in relation to the size of the individuals and a positive relationship was found in the...
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The trophic ecology of Sargasso Sea fishes
Horák, Mikuláš ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
This work aims to create a comprehensive overview of current knowledge about trophic relationships within and among fish communities in the ecosystems of the Sargasso Sea and tries to deepen our understanding of the intricate trophic dynamics in these waters and contribute to the broader field of marine ecology. The Sargasso Sea is a unique marine environment characterized by its lack of continental boundaries, with its relative limits defined by major ocean currents. The main objective of this thesis is to consolidate the current research on feeding ecology of fish in the oligotrophic sea waters, with a focus on describing the food webs and species composition of pelagic organisms, along with their interrelationships. To comprehend and illuminate these interactions, various pre-existing data obtained through stable isotope analysis (15 N and 13 C) are employed to determine food web structure and trophic positions. Fluctuations in these values within food webs may provide insights into both natural and anthropogenic influences. Key words: The Sargasso sea, feeding ecology, trophic interactions, food web, stable isotopes
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The effect of turbidity on the behaviour of bleak Alburnus alburnus
Vlachová, Monika ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
3 Abstract: In group-living species, social interactions with conspecifics play a crucial role in group formation and the ability to make consensus decisions, which far-reaching reaching consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes in natural populations. Individual recognition and partner preferences based on social familiarity are important mechanisms driving a range of interactions between individual fish as well as social structure in fish populations. However, social interactions of gregarious species are also influenced by the ecological environment experienced by individuals. My thesis aimed to define how the social structure of fish shoals is shaped by environmental based constraints presented by increased turbidity in anthropogenically impacted rivers. A freshwater, shoal-forming, visually orientated pelagic fish - bleak (Alburnus alburnus) - was used as a model organism. In the laboratory experimenbehaviorour of 40 individuals at three different levels of turbidity (0 NTU, 30 NTU, 60 NTU) were observed. My thesis aimed to find out how increased turbidity influences the shoals' structure, specifically if the turbidity reduces between individual distances in response to the deteriorated visual conditions. The results show, that bleaks increase compactness of the shoal even at the medium...
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The effect of turbidity on the behaviour of bleak Alburnus alburnus
Vlachová, Monika ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
In group-living species, social interactions with conspecifics play a crucial role in group formation and the ability to make consensus decision, which may have far reaching consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes in natural populations. Individual recognition and partner preferences based on social familiarity are important mechanisms driving a range of interactions between individual fish as well as social structure in fish populations. However, social interactions of gregarious species are also influenced by the ecological environment experienced by individuals. The aim of my theses was to define, how is social structue of fish shoals shaped by environmental based constraint presented by increased turbidity in anthropogenically impacted rivers. A freshwater, shoal-forming, visually orientated pelagic fish - bleak (Alburnus alburnus) - was used as a model organism. At the laboratory experiment, behaviour of 40 individuals at three different levels of turbidity (0 NTU, 30 NTU, 60 NTU) were observed. The aim of my thesis was to find out how increased turbidity influence the structure of the shoals, specifically if the turbidity reduces between individual distances in a response to the deteriorated visual conditions. The results shown, that bleaks increase the comptactness of the...
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Financial market efficiency
HORKÁ, Petra
The aim of this thesis is to assess the behavior of prices of chosen financial assets and to verify the hypothesis of random walk on the financial market of cryptocurrencies. Testing of the effective market hypothesis was applied to chosen cryptocurrencies Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin compared to the US dollar. The essence of random walk is a non-existent relation between historical and future prices. The model says that price changes are random and cannot be predicted. The random walk analysis was performed using chosen statistical tests, namely the run test, the scattering ratio test, the autocorrelation tests and the unit root test. Data for testing was obtained from the online website for the period from 1 January 2016 to 30 September 2019 and the EViews program was chosen for testing both daily and weekly price changes. In this thesis, based on all statistical tests was shown inefficiency of all chosen cryptocurrencies in the chosen period. Cryptomania, which occurred at the end of 2017 and the subsequent drop in the price of all cryptocurrencies to almost the minimum value at the beginning of 2018, explains ineffective behavior.
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Applicability of river bass otoliths (Perca fluviatilis) to determine chane in trophic web using C and N stable isotope analysis
Mavrogeni, Josefína ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Horká, Petra (referee)
The use of fish otoliths of river bass in studies focusing on its trophic position in the fish community using SIA is possible. For analyzes relying on carbon, their use is even possible without treatment of otolith samples, as has been confirmed in the literature in the past. However, when it comes to nitrogen analysis, it is a slightly more complicated process. The amount of nitrogen in otoliths is not very high so it is completely undetectable with a mass spectrometer without a preliminary treatment of the samples. We managed to extract nitrogen from the otoliths, which is locked in the structure thanks to the proteins conducting its crystallization. After this extraction its content was sufficient for analysis, but only for the fraction that is made up of osoluble proteins. It was possible to get results for the insoluble fraction only for carbon, that is the reason why results of this fraction were not used. The process of nitrogen extraction is not very complicated, and even when using perch otoliths, which are relatively small, it is possible to get results. However, the small size and weight of perch otoliths will preclude the use of individual otoliths from individual fish. For that reason, summary samples were used for analysis. For this procedure, it is necessary to have a sample of 100...
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Trophic structure of fish communities in anthropogenically impacted rivers
Dostál, David ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Slavík, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this work was to describe trophic relationships in fish communities in an anthropogenically influenced environment. In them, non-specialized, so-called eurytopic fish species predominate over rheophilic fish, which have a more complex life cycle, greater demands on habitat, food resources, or spawning substrate. They are less able to adapt to human-induced changes. On the other hand, eurytopic species have very little requirements, so they are able to adapt to environmental changes without major problems. With this work, I wanted to verify the assumption that eurytopic fish species will have a wider trophic niche and a better trophic position in such an environment than rheophilic species. All this using the analysis of stable isotopes 15 N and 13 C with the contribution of the SIBER and tRophic position computing program. Key words: stable isotopes, trophic niche and position, riverine systems, freshwater fish
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Fish community trophic structure and interaction in riverine environment
Dalecká, Kateřina ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Jandová, Kateřina (referee)
In anthropogenically influenced rivers, fishes with lower environmental requirements are supposed to have an advantage over more specialised fish species. Such features include, for example, limited migration and habitat requirements, unspecialised breeding requirements or use of food resources. Guilds of sensitive species that share life history strategies that are highly adapted to specific riverine conditions have declined far more than generalist species that can survive in a wide range of habitats that are not characteristic of natural river ecosystems. In European lowland rivers, several species belong to eurytopic ecological group of fish which are often omnivorous feeders and have lower habitat requirements. It is suggested that these species are favoured by feeding omnivory in contrast to more specialised, rheophilic fishes among whose more specialised feeding can be found. The aim of our study was to evaluate the trophic niche use and interactions among eurytopic and rheophilic fish species. We hypothesized that eurytopic, omnivorous fish will exhibit a broader isotopic niche area (SEAc, TA) and higher trophic position (TP) then specialized rheophilic fish species. Isotopic niche area of species, between species niche overlap and trophic position of species in community were evaluated...
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