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Metabotropic glutamate receptors: mechanism of activation
Hlaváčková, Veronika ; Blahoš, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee) ; Martásek, Pavel (referee) ; Konvalinka, Jan (referee)
Any living organism receives constantly many signals that have to be evaluated and weighted to respond in an appropriate way. To perform all functions needed for precise control of homeostasis and for communication with the surrounding environment, signals coming from the outside are recognized and transferred into modulation of intracellular signaling cascades. These mediate response to the extracellular stimulus as well as intercellular communication. Cell communication is mediated by several types of receptors, located either intracellularly (including nuclear receptors) that modulate gene transcription and receptors localized on plasma membrane. Cell membrane receptors are transmembrane proteins that are divided into three superfamilies according to their structure and principles of signal transduction. These are ion channel-linked receptors, enzyme-linked receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs comprise the biggest family of membrane receptors and are one of the largest gene families in general. They are encoded by about 1% of genes in mammals. Many of them bind sensory ligands (rhodopsin, taste and olfactory receptors), but others also recognize ions, amino acids, nucleotides, peptides and large glycoproteins (1). They play a crucial role in such distant physiological functions as...
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Complementation of the ditransitive verbs envy and forgive
Hlaváčková, Veronika ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The subject of the present thesis is an analysis of the ditransitive verbs envy and forgive in the ditransitive/double-object constructions, i.e., either the S-V-Oi-Od or S-V-O-Oprep argument structure, in which both objects are explicitly expressed. Envy and forgive represents marginal ditransitive verbs, whose accounts in major grammars and various studies are far from uniform. Occasionally considered idiosyncratic, the ditransitive use (i.e., the indirect pattern) of the two verbs is expected to decrease in frequency. Thus, the research aims to investigate the postverbal complementation preference of envy and forgive, and the way the preference changes over time. However, it is not the relative frequency of the S-V-Oi-Od pattern with respect to all remaining constructions that is of interest here, but its ratio to the frequency of the other available double object construction, the prepositional S-V-O-Oprep pattern. Additionally, the thesis provides a systematic overview of syntactic and semantic differences between envy and forgive as well as an account of their shared features and aspects. Particular attention is paid to the Oi/O realisation (e.g., the substantival or pronominal realisation) and the Od/Oprep realisation (namely, the substantival realisation, the pronominal realisation, the...
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English presentation sentences with HAVE
Hlaváčková, Veronika ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The BA thesis focuses on presentation sentences with the verb 'have', on their categorisation, and on the tendencies of the respective categories. Presentative constructions carry existential meaning; the verb 'have' is semantically emptied and the postverbal element - the object - represents the rheme, a new piece of information introduced to the discourse. The main source for the thesis is Ebeling's research of have- presentatives. The aim of this BA thesis is to identify the categories and the method of transformation into there-existentials is applied. The tendencies and characteristic features of the respective categories are analysed, and the nature of both subjects and objects is described from the viewpoint of their concrete/abstract, animate/inanimate nature. The semantic roles of subjects are also determined. The empirical part of the thesis is based on the sample of 100 instances drawn from the British National Corpus. Keywords: presentation sentence, 'have', subject, object, semantic role
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Metabotropic glutamate receptors: mechanism of activation
Hlaváčková, Veronika ; Blahoš, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee) ; Martásek, Pavel (referee) ; Konvalinka, Jan (referee)
Any living organism receives constantly many signals that have to be evaluated and weighted to respond in an appropriate way. To perform all functions needed for precise control of homeostasis and for communication with the surrounding environment, signals coming from the outside are recognized and transferred into modulation of intracellular signaling cascades. These mediate response to the extracellular stimulus as well as intercellular communication. Cell communication is mediated by several types of receptors, located either intracellularly (including nuclear receptors) that modulate gene transcription and receptors localized on plasma membrane. Cell membrane receptors are transmembrane proteins that are divided into three superfamilies according to their structure and principles of signal transduction. These are ion channel-linked receptors, enzyme-linked receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs comprise the biggest family of membrane receptors and are one of the largest gene families in general. They are encoded by about 1% of genes in mammals. Many of them bind sensory ligands (rhodopsin, taste and olfactory receptors), but others also recognize ions, amino acids, nucleotides, peptides and large glycoproteins (1). They play a crucial role in such distant physiological functions as...
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Needs and Motivation of the Elderly to Maintain the Quality of Life
HLAVÁČKOVÁ, Veronika
This work deals with needs and motivation of seniors for preservation quality of their life. The theoretical part is focused especially on changes which occur in old age. The work is also based on problems connected with communication with old people. It describes some psychical activities and activities of motion which are used by seniors. The practical part describes how seniors spend their leisure time, whether they have a suitable neighbourhood that they live in. Thanks to this research we found out that most seniors spend their leisure time actively, although their activities are limited by their health conditions. They prefer to stay in a company of other people, either their family or friends. The neighbourhood where they live provides them opportunities, which are essential for them. None of the seniors is restricted and they can do what they want. They try themselves to keep busy all the time because they do not want to get lazy.
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