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Vehicle routing problem in practice
Tuan Hoang, Anh ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kuncová, Martina (referee)
Nowadays, one of the most widely used optimization problem is a travelling salesman problem. That is only the basic model, which is modified by various restrictions and enlargements. In the first part of this bachelor thesis we will focus on theory of distribution problems and their solutions. On the other hand in the second part we will apply the knowledge from the first part to the real task, which requires modifications. We will use the data of the supply company that delivers their orders in Prague with the limited capacities of the vehicles. We will find out the differences between minimizing the total distance and minimizing the total time for delivery, as the distance and time are not linearly dependent. It will be needed to decide, where will be an optimal location for opening the second branch. To solve this tasks, we will not use only heuristic methods for manual calculation, but also optimization software.
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Travelling around Vietnam-application of Travelling Salesman Problem
Pham, Thuy Trang ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (advisor) ; Fábry, Jan (referee)
The circular traffic problem, also known as the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) belongs to a group called distribution problems, which is one of the significant group of linear programming. These tasks can be used in many applications areas such as production planning, logistic or travelling. This thesis deals with the application of TSP or its modification to find the optimal route among selected Vietnamese destinations. The aim is to find the best circuit among 20 places out of 37 considering the cost and time. The first chapter concentrates on the general theory of linear programming including the description of economical and mathematical models of the selected distribution problems. The main part of this thesis focuses on The Travelling Salesman Problem itself and its practical application
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Determinants of prices of the selected type of weapon in the global market
Kutlvašrová, Zuzana ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čížek, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis examines the factors that influence the price of certain categories of weapons in the world market. This work deals with the categories of small arms and light weapons. The work is focused on the import and export of weapons from this category from the Czech Republic. The work is used classical regression model and semi-logarithmic regression model. Results of regression analysis were used for the comparison of exports and imports in the period and then was compared with export and import between them.
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Analysis of migration in the Czech Republic on the district level
Houšková, Helena ; Formánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on internal migration in the Czech Republic on the district level. The aim of the thesis is to explain the relative number of immigrants to particular districts, relative number of emigrants from districts and mainly their difference - growth in the year 2013 with the help of different factors, such as criminality, unemployment, area, and so on. The factors are named and their influence on the relative number of immigrants, emigrants and growth is predicted. Then these data are analysed and three different models are constructed to explain the growth of population. In the first model all districts are taken into account. In the second model three districts of Prague are removed and in the last one, in addition to Prague, central districts of Brno and Ostrava are also removed. After comparing the three models we find out that models are quite similar and not all factors influence the growth of population as we expected.
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The Estimation of Probability of Default Using Logistic Regression
Chalupa, Tomáš ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (advisor) ; Formánek, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this work is to develop a suitable model that estimates a probability of default of client's loan. As estimation method was used a logistic regression and a probit regression and two definitions of default, 60 and 90 days overdue. The work describes the method of construction, estimation and testing of scoring models and a structure of dataset, which was used in the practical part. Firstly, it was created a theoretical model that was later confronted with estimates. Estimated models were compared by described statistics as McFadden R^2, the ability to diversify was investigated by the Lorenz curve and by the Gini coefficient. It was found that the logistic and the probit regressions have almost the same results, and that 90 days is preferable definition of default than 60 days.
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Using a combination of optimization, simulation and multiple-criteria decision analysis methods for a selection of heat sources in a residential building
Murčová, Veronika ; Kuncová, Martina (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to select a suitable heat source for a residential building using simulation modeling and multiple-criteria decision analysis. The market is offering plenty of possibilities, thus the part of this thesis is dedicated to description of main characteristics and pros and cons of most common heat sources (e.g. coal, biomass, natural gas, electricity, heat pumps). There are many ways to decide which source is an optimal solution for a house. In this thesis, there are presented four possible approaches: decision based on the analysis of the total costs of the source and the methods WSA, TOPSIS and ELECTRE III. In the end, the results of these methods are summarized together with the qualitative factors which are also considered in the decision making process.
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Determinants of car prices
Oravcová, Lenka ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čížek, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of the thesis Determinants of car prices is to create econometric model for price predictions of new and used cars. The prediction is based on the data provided by website of Slovak retailer of new and used cars. The model should detect statistically significant variables and determine their impact on final price. In the first part of this study, there is theoretical description of automobile industry and factors influencing price of car. The second part is devoted on developing the predictive model, suitable transformation of explanatory variables, interpretation of results and the car price classification in form of decision tree.
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Long-time or short-time rental
Machalický, Jakub ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the factors affecting short-term and long-term rentals in Prague. Significant factors for short-term rental are: number of guests, number of bedrooms, existence of a lift and positional factors. Significant factors for long-term rentals are: the condition of the property, its layout and space, parking, existence of a lift and positional factors. The next part of the thesis is searched situations where it is better for owners to do short-times rentals. The occupancy rate is used for it. The minimum occupancy rate is calculated for situations where it is better for owners to do short-times rentals.
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A combination of real options, simulation and decision trees for investment decisions
Pavlovská, Tereza ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the evaluation of real options whose value represents a certain flexibility of the firm to decide about company´s assets in the future. In addition to classic models which were developed for option rating, such as binomial and Black-Scholes model, which have advantages and disadvantages, there is introduced a possible combination of decision trees and simulation Monte Carlo which runs directly inside the tree. This combination can erase the disadvantages which these methods have when they are used separately for option evaluation. In this thesis there can be found an application example inspired by a real situation and there are described different possibilities of usage of the mentioned combination and there is also demonstrated an unambiguous advantage of this method and that is a bigger amount of information which is provided in comparison with standard models. It allows the company to access much more complex image of the investment. The result is also various option values according to the used technique.
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Econometric analysis of sales of toilet paper in Tesco Stores ČR a.s.
Záhorovský, Radek ; Sekničková, Jana (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Zuzana (referee)
The purpose of this work is to quantify the influences that affect the sales of selected products for toilet paper segment in the retail chain Tesco Czech Republic. The model is based on a long-term observation of the time series of sales and average prices for selected products. For the quantification is used an estimation of exponential function fot model which is subsequently verified. Parameter estimation is calculated by using the software EViews. The work compares the results of the model for different products and searching for the most effective way of promotion for each brand. The calculated parameters can be implemented for the planning of sales for toilet paper segment. The results show differences between branded and private toilet paper brand, that are caused by differences in the perception of quality by consumers.
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