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Changes in climate elements in central Europe and the Czech Republic from the mid-20th century, focusing on autumn
Maryško, Kryštof ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Cahynová, Monika (referee)
This thesis deals with climate elements changes in Central Europe in the 2nd half of the 20th century which are being compared to changes in global and European scale. The entire thesis is divided into three main chapters according to the climate elements. The most described are temperature indicators which the authors of papers study most frequently. Also the precipitation forms a separate chapter, while other elements are all summarized in one chapter, because there are not that many studies about them. The average annual temperature and precipitation trends calculated for Europe or the world were similar to those in Central Europe. As for the temperature indicators, during the 2nd half of the 20th century warming was found in most cases and insignificant trends prevailed for precipitation indicators. Among the seasonal changes in climate, autumn stood out. Its trends were in some cases (especially for temperature indicators) different from the other seasons. Whilst there is warming in Central Europe in spring, summer and winter, it cools in autumn. Keywords: climate elements, long-term changes, Central Europe, autumn
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Changes in climate elements in central Europe and the Czech Republic from the mid-20th century, focusing on autumn
Maryško, Kryštof ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Cahynová, Monika (referee)
This thesis deals with climate elements changes in Central Europe in the 2nd half of the 20th century which are being compared to changes in global and European scale. The entire thesis is divided into three main chapters according to the climate elements. The most described are temperature indicators which the authors of papers study most frequently. Also the precipitation forms a separate chapter, while other elements are all summarized in one chapter, because there are not that many studies about them. The average annual temperature and precipitation trends calculated for Europe or the world were similar to those in Central Europe. As for the temperature indicators, during the 2nd half of the 20th century warming was found in most cases and insignificant trends prevailed for precipitation indicators. Among the seasonal changes in climate, autumn stood out. Its trends were in some cases (especially for temperature indicators) different from the other seasons. Whilst there is warming in Central Europe in spring, summer and winter, it cools in autumn. Keywords: climate elements, long-term changes, Central Europe, autumn
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Long term changes in the precipitation phase in the Czech Republic
Hynčica, Martin ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Cahynová, Monika (referee)
The main goal of the thesis is the evaluation of long-term changes in precipitation type in the Czech Republic. The first part concentrates on the literature review on precipitation, its spatial distribution, and long-term changes in space and amount, mainly for the world and Europe. A part of this chapter is also devoted to variability of snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and impacts of the North Atlantic oscillation on precipitation and snow cover. The second part analyzes changes in the precipitation type using climatic measurements of daily precipitation amounts and the information of the state of weather in the SYNOP database. In this data, I have analyzed long-term trends of the portion of solid precipitation in total annual precipitation for the whole Czech Republic and for different intervals of altitudes in 1982 - 2007. I have also investigated if there is a change in the portion of days with snow on the total precipitation days in 1982 - 2010. The results show, that the portion of snow precipitation and the portion of days with snow is descending slowly and insignificantly. Keywords: precipitation, state of precipitation, snow precipitation
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Does temperature change in the Czech Republic speed up or slow down?
Macháčková, Veronika ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Cahynová, Monika (referee)
This thesis deals with changes in temperature and its main objective is to determine whether the temperature changes in the Czech Republic speed up or slow down. The review section describes the development of selected indicators of temperature in the world, in Europe and Central Europe. In the second part I analyzed the mean daily temperature from 17 weather stations in the Czech Republic in the period 1961-2010. I calculated from the data the mean annual temperature trends and mean seasonal temperatures trends of selected stations (average of all 17 stations) for the period 1961-2010 and two sub-periods 1961-1985 and 1986-2010. Furthermore I examined seasonal trends for each station (I calculate trends for the moving 25 year periods, mutually shifted by one year). The work also shows moving average mean temperature for each season at each station. The results acquired are compared with studies in the review part of my work. Result indicate that, except for winter, temperature trends in the Czech Republic have been increasing, i.e., either the warming accelerates (in spring and summer) or a slight cooling turns into warming (in autumn). Keywords: average temperature, seasonal temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, trend, The Czech Republic
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The influence of long-term changes of atmospheric circulation on observed trends of surface climatic elements in the Czech Republic and Europe
Cahynová, Monika ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Metelka, Ladislav (referee) ; Halenka, Tomáš (referee)
(English) RNDr. Monika Cahynová: The influence of long-term changes of atmospheric circulation on observed trends of surface climatic elements in the Czech Republic and Europe The aim of this thesis is to quantify the links between recent atmospheric circulation changes over Europe and local surface climatic trends. We employ several parallel classifications of circulation types that were collected and developed within the COST733 Action "Harmonisation and Applications of Weather Types Classifications for European Regions". To our knowledge, such a comparative approach has not been used so far. Atmospheric circulation changes over Europe were studied in terms of changing seasonal frequency and persistence of daily circulation types in the second half of the 20th century. The extensive collection of both subjective and objective catalogues of circulation types in European regions from the COST733 Action served as a platform for comparison of different classification methods, varying numbers of circulation types, and spatial scale of circulation processes. The most prominent trend - winter increase in the number of days with westerly flow - clearly stems from the strengthening of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The objective classifications did not show any systematic change of persistence of...
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Subseasonal temperature trends in Europe (1961-2000) and their links to atmospheric circulation
Cahynová, Monika ; Pokorná, L.
We use daily maximum and minimum temperatures and the daily temperature range from 136 stations in Europe in the period 1961–2000 to precisely locate their seasonal and subseasonal trends within the year. Linear trends are calculated for moving “subseasons” of 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 days, each shifted by one day. Over most of Europe, the observed warming is greatest in winter. In Iceland and the Mediterranean, a pronounced warming is only present in summer. Significant autumn cooling was found in Eastern and Southeastern Europe for both TX and TN. Other non-warming periods occur in Western and Central Europe in February, April, and late June. Trends of DTR are inconclusive. Changes in the frequency of atmospheric circulation types usually explain a substantial part of the observed climatic trends; however, the influence varies between regions, times of the year, subseason lengths, numbers of circulation types, and input variables for the classification of circulation types.
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Subseasonal temperature trends in Europe (1961-2000) and their links to atmospheric circulation
Cahynová, Monika ; Pokorná, Lucie
We use daily maximum and minimum temperatures and the daily temperature range from 136 stations in Europe in the period 1961–2000 to precisely locate their seasonal and subseasonal trends within the year. Linear trends are calculated for moving “subseasons” of 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 days, each shifted by one day. Over most of Europe, the observed warming is greatest in winter. In Iceland and the Mediterranean, a pronounced warming is only present in summer. Significant autumn cooling was found in Eastern and Southeastern Europe for both TX and TN. Other non-warming periods occur in Western and Central Europe in February, April, and late June. Trends of DTR are inconclusive. Changes in the frequency of atmospheric circulation types usually explain a substantial part of the observed climatic trends; however, the influence varies between regions, times of the year, subseason lengths, numbers of circulation types, and input variables for the classification of circulation types.
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Changes in atmospheric circulation in Central Europe and their influence on climate in the Czech Republic
Cahynová, Monika ; Huth, Radan
This work is concerned with the influence of changes of atmospheric circulation (represented by the Hess-Brezowsky and Brádka’s subjective catalogues of synoptic types) on observed linear trends of 11 climatic elements from 21 stations in the Czech Republic in the period 1961-1998. The ratio of "hypothetical" (caused only by changes in the frequency of synoptic types) and observed trends shows that changes in atmospheric circulation are the primary cause of massive winter warming, and autumn cooling connected with increasing precipitation and humidity. In spring and summer, the influence is insignificant except for precipitation, relative humidity and cloudiness changes that are related to trends in the Hess-Brezowsky catalogue, mostly in spring.
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