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Effect of selected biophysical factors on organisms and their anthropogenic modifications
Bujalský, Luděk ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Šarapatka, Bořivoj (referee) ; Moldan, Bedřich (referee)
Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakulta Ústav pro životní prostředí Charles University, Faculty of Science Institute for Environmental Studies Doktorský studijní program: Environmentální vědy Doctoral study programme: Environmental Sciences Autoreferát disertační práce Summary of Doctoral thesis Vliv vybraných biofyzikálních faktorů na organismy a jejich antropogenní modifikace Effects of selected biophysical factors on organisms and their anthropogenic changes Mgr. Luděk Bujalský Školitel: Prof. Mgr. Ing. Jan Frouz, CSc. Supervisor: Prof. Mgr. Ing. Jan Frouz, CSc. Praha, 2019 Abstract The PhD thesis is composed of four articles dealing with biophysical factors affecting the environment of organisms occurring in anthropogenically affected ecosystems. In spite of the apparent diversity of research areas, the basic unifying idea of this work is a concept that leads from individual factors to synthesis, or more precisely, deductions leading to an understanding of local ecosystem processes, but also trying to emphasize, recently a little overlooked in basic science, the concept of a holistic point of view of the functioning of natural phenomena accentuating the importance of the basic view of the world as "interconnected networks". In particular, this viewis a demonstration of a situation where anthropogenic...
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Light pollution caused by artificial illumination on downhill ski slopes in Krkonoše National Park
Bujalský, Luděk ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Maixner, Tomáš (referee)
Light pollution is often mentioned as an energetic loss but its effect on natural ecosystems is seldom studied. In Krkonoše National Park and other locations in the Czech Republic, artificial illumination of ski slopes is widely used to enable night skiing. In this study, we quantified the area around illuminated ski slopes where the light intensity at night was > 0.1 lx because previous studies showed that this light intensity could have biological effects. For these estimations, 62 transects were laid perpendicular to the illuminated ski slope (12 slopes in total were studied), and illumination was measured with a Extech EA 30 luxmeter at 0 m and 1.5 m above the ground. Transects were located in four basic types of habitat: open plain with snow covering the vegetation; closed spruce forest in which the trees on the margin have branches that reach the ground; open spruce forest in which the trees have branches only in the top part of the trunk, permitting light to penetrate beneath the canopy; and young dense spruce forest. The data were expressed as log of illumination vs. log of distance from the slope. Most measurements were taken on cloudy nights but some were taken on clear nights. Comparison of the same transect measured on clear and cloudy nights showed that clouds significantly increased...
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