|
|
Microeconomic Analysis for Evidence-Based Policy
Janský, Petr ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Blundell, Richard (referee) ; Galuščák, Kamil (referee) ; Schneider, Ondřej (referee)
This dissertation thesis is focused on the microeconomic analysis of public policy in the Czech Republic. It consists of three parts, the first two parts deal with the analysis of tax policy; the third part of this thesis is focused on inflation differentials. The first chapter deals with the analysis of value added tax. The rates of value added tax (VAT) have recently changed in the Czech Republic, and I simulate the impact of these reforms. They are an example of changes in indirect taxes that change the prices of goods and services, to which households can respond by adjusting their expenditures. I first estimate the behavioural response of consumers to price changes in the Czech Republic by applying a consumer demand model of the quadratic almost ideal system (QUAIDS) on the basis of the Czech Statistical Office household expenditure and price data for the period from 2001 to 2011. I derive estimates of own- and cross-price and income elasticities for individual households. I then use these elasticities to estimate the impact of the changes in VAT rates that were proposed or implemented between 2011 and 2013, on households' quantity demanded and government revenues. One of the main findings is that the estimated increases in government revenues that take the consumer responses into account are...
|
|
|
Essays on Public Policies and Female Labor Supply
Kalíšková, Klára ; Pokorná Bičáková, Alena (advisor) ; Blundell, Richard (referee) ; Molina, José Alberto (referee)
In the first chapter of this work, I study the impact of joint taxation of married couples on married couples' labor supply. While joint taxation is fairly widespread across European countries, evidence of its labor supply effects is scarce due to a lack of recent policy changes in family taxation. This chapter makes use of the introduction of joint taxation in the Czech Republic in 2005 to estimate its effect on married couples' labor supply. Results based on difference-in- differences and on triple differences with several alternative control groups suggest that the introduction of joint taxation led to a decline of about 3 percentage points in the employment rate of married women with children. Participation declines are twice as large when the tax work disincentives are highest - among women with tertiary-educated husbands. The introduction of joint taxation did not affect the employment probability of married men with children. The second chapter contributes to the literature on female labor supply responsiveness by measuring the effect of tax-benefit policies on female labor supply based on a broad sample of 26 European countries in 2005-2010. The tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD is used to calculate a measure of work incentives at the extensive margin - the participation tax rate,...
|
|
|
Microeconomic Analysis for Evidence-Based Policy
Janský, Petr ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Blundell, Richard (referee) ; Galuščák, Kamil (referee) ; Schneider, Ondřej (referee)
This dissertation thesis is focused on the microeconomic analysis of public policy in the Czech Republic. It consists of three parts, the first two parts deal with the analysis of tax policy; the third part of this thesis is focused on inflation differentials. The first chapter deals with the analysis of value added tax. The rates of value added tax (VAT) have recently changed in the Czech Republic, and I simulate the impact of these reforms. They are an example of changes in indirect taxes that change the prices of goods and services, to which households can respond by adjusting their expenditures. I first estimate the behavioural response of consumers to price changes in the Czech Republic by applying a consumer demand model of the quadratic almost ideal system (QUAIDS) on the basis of the Czech Statistical Office household expenditure and price data for the period from 2001 to 2011. I derive estimates of own- and cross-price and income elasticities for individual households. I then use these elasticities to estimate the impact of the changes in VAT rates that were proposed or implemented between 2011 and 2013, on households' quantity demanded and government revenues. One of the main findings is that the estimated increases in government revenues that take the consumer responses into account are...
|
guest ::
