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The effect of fertilization on winter wheat yield
Šístek, Lukáš ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Sedlář, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of fertilization on different sites with different soil and climatic conditions on the yield and productivity parameters of winter wheat.
Wheat is the most widespread cereal in the Czech Republic. In the crop rotations it occupies almost half of all grain grown and about 30% of the total sown area. Its advantages, when cultivating, are the relatively stable level of yield and quality.
Long-term stationary experiments with crop rotation were established in the fall of 1996 at five sites of the Czech Republic with different soil and climatic conditions (Červený Újezd, Hněvčeves, Humpolec, Lukavec and Prague - Suchdol). In an experiment there are three crops grown in sequence: potatoes, wheat and barley. In a trial there were compared organic fertilized, mineral fertilized and combined organic with mineral fertilized plots in Červený Újezd, Hupolec and Suchdol sites. For purposes of the experiment is used sludge from WWTP in Prague. Manure and straw are used from each experimental sites. As a nitrogenous fertilizer is used ammonium nitrate with limestone, phosphorus fertilizer is triple superphosphate and potassium fertilizer is potassium salt.
From the experimental results can be clearly inferred that the lowest values of all monitored parameters were achieved on the plots fertilized only with organic fertilizers. After the addition of mineral nitrogen fertilizer the levels of monitored parameters has changed significantly and thus was achieved an increase in these parameters compared to unfertilized control plot. The highest results in relation to the winter wheat yield and quality were found in Červený Újezd and the lowest in Humpolec. The highest yield of wheat grain was found in Červený Újezd on N fertilized plot (12.28 t.ha-1). The lowest yield of wheat grain was achieved in Humpolec on manure fertilized plot (3.9 t.ha-1). However, the highest response to nitrate fertilization was found in Humpolec. The lowest increase in grain yield was 207 % and 333 % increase in yield of straw compared to the control plot. The highest use of nitrogen was determined at Červený Újezd station, where the wheat consumed most of the nitrogen supplied by nitrogen fertilizers.
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The nutrients balance on the farm when fertilizing by organic fertilizers
Pejsar, Petr ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the evaluation and balance calculation of the basic nutrients in soil. The content of this thesis is focused on the evaluation of nutrients input, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in organic fertilizers, while taking into account the direct influence of the nutrients after their application as well as long-term effects during delayed and recurring application of the organic fertilizers. During the observed period from 2008 to 2014 the following individual fields were assessed Březinka (68,51 ha), Jiříkovo (16,93 ha), Kocourovské (58,16 ha) and U Akátu (35,84 ha). The balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in these certain areas was assessed within the scope of balance on individual fields for one crop rotation period. The balance calculation inputs include the amount of nutrients that was provided in form of organic and mineral fertilizers, which in case of nitrogen was furthermore extended by the amount acquired by its symbiotic fixation, overall deposition and sowing inputs (i.e. soil surface balance of nitrogen). The outputs of the balance calculation consist of amounts of major nutrients that were drawn away by crop yield including the calculated losses in case of surface balance of nitrogen. In the thesis an elementary balance of organic compounds was performed together with evaluation of change of the supply state of P, K and Mg based on the available data from agrochemical soil properties conducted in the period of 2009 to 2015 and balance results for individual nutrients. The results of surface balance of nitrogen in individual fields exhibited notably positive values, which according to the final balance might be the cause of heightened or excessive nitrogen loss. It is however difficult to determine the direct and residual effect of nitrogen applied trough the organic fertilizers and its utilization by plants. Without the mineral fertilizer inputs, the resulting values of other nutrients in specific years were dependant on the amount of input trough organic fertilizers. Within the scope of simple balance of organic compounds for individual fields, the overall sum of organic compound requirements were achieved over the observed years.
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Selected aspects of robust regression and comparison of robust regression methods
Černý, Jindřich ; Blatná, Dagmar (advisor) ; Vrabec, Michal (referee) ; Dohnal, Gejza (referee)
This dissertation examines the robust regression methods. The primary purpose of this work is to propose an extension, derivation and summary (including computational algorithm) for Theil-Sen's regression estimates (or in some literature also referred to as Passing-Bablok's regression method) for multi-dimensional space and compare this method to other robust regression methods. The combination of these two objectives is the primary and the original contribution of the dissertation. Based on the available literature it is unknown if anyone has discussed this problem in greater depth and solved it in total. Therefore this work provides a summary overview of the issue and offers a new alternative of this multidimensional, nonparametric, robust regression method. Secondary goals include a clear summary of other robust methods, a summary of findings related to these robust regression methods, robust methods compared with each other placing emphasis on the comparison with the proposed Theil-Sen's regression estimates method and with the least squares method. The summary also includes individual mathematical context and interchangeability of the proposed methods. These secondary objectives are also another benefit of this dissertation in the field of robust regression problems; this is especially important to gain a unified view of the problems of robust regression methods and estimates in general.
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Visualization of Multivariate Statistical Data
Maroušek, Vít ; Pecáková, Iva (advisor) ; Černý, Jindřich (referee)
The thesis deals with the possibilities of visualization of multivariate statistical data. Since this is a very broad area the thesis is divided into four sections, two of which are theoretically and two practically oriented. The first section is devoted to theoretical aspects of data visualization. It contains information about the building blocks of graphs, and how the brain processes graphs in various stages of perception. The second section charts the available chart types that can be used to display data. Selected types of graphs for continuous and discontinuous multidimensional data are described in detail. The third section focuses on available software tools for creating graphs. The section describes several programs, with focus on STATISTICA, R and MS Excel. The knowledge gained in previous chapters was sufficient source of information to perform a graphical analysis of multidimensional continuous and discrete data and using advanced analytical methods in the last section. This analysis is performed separately on the data file with continuous variables and on a data file with discontinuous (categorical) variables.
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Provincial Statistical Offices
Fator, Jiří ; Závodský, Prokop (advisor) ; Černý, Jindřich (referee)
In the Czech lands at the beginning of the 20th century. Description of the offices in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Why and how they were established. Which experts stood behind their workings. What results they came up with. What influence they had on Czech statistics. Predecessors, activities, comparison.
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The graphical data analysis in various statistical computing systems
Maroušek, Vít ; Pecáková, Iva (advisor) ; Černý, Jindřich (referee)
Goal of my thesis is to show and compare various ways of graphical data analysis in statistical computing systems. This area is still developing, new techniques are being discovered and the already known are being developed. This work is split into three parts, one theoretical, one comparing and one general with new ideas. The first part is theoretical and is dedicated to classification of statistical variables. For statistical computing systems I offer a simplified classification because of the way they treat some types of variables. Second part of my work compares graphical outputs of three most used statistical computing systems SAS, SPSS and STATISTICA. This comparison is based on some of the most commonly used graphical methods. The outputs are tables with detailed description and examples of graphs from each system are attached. The last part is focused on the general graphical data exploration and follows the simplified classification of variables. In this part I use common graphical techniques and introduce some new or fewer used techniques. Many of them haven't been described in any Czech literature yet. Almost all the graphs presented in this work were created by me in various statistical computing systems. Two were copied from literature because of serious problems with the process of their creation.
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