|
|
Prognostic Factors Influencing the Effect of Chemotherapy in Cervical and Ovarian Cancer
Hruda, Martin ; Rob, Lukáš (advisor) ; Mlynček, Miloš (referee) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
First part of the thesis: Prognostic factors influencing the effect of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer INTRODUCTION: Membrane transporter proteins (for example ABC, SLC and ATPases) take part in oncogenesis and the formation of chemoresistance, however the interpretation of their importance in ovarian cancer prognosis is still limited. METHODS: Gene expression profiling was performed on 39 ABC and 12 SLC transporters and 3 ATPases in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues and the results were assessed with respect to prognosis and clinical presentation of EOC patients. In a cohort of tissues with primary EOC (n = 57) and control tissues (n = 14) we assessed relative expression of genes and compared it with the clinical and survival information. The data was verified on a separate cohort (n = 60). RESULTS: 6 ABC genes and the SLC22A18 gene were considerably over-expressed in the cancer tissues in comparison with control tissues and the expression of 12 ABC genes, 5 SLC genes, ATP7A, ATP11B was reduced. The expression of ABCA12, ABCC3, ABCC6, ABCD3, ABCG1, SLC22A5 genes was greater in HGSC in comparison with other types. Expression of ABCA2 was considerably related to tumour grade in both cohorts. Particularly, the expression levels of ABCA9, ABCA10, ABCC9 and SLC16A14 were considerably related to...
|
|
|
Predictive Factors of Vulvar Precancer Lesions - Optimisation of Diagnostic - Therapeutic Management
Pichlík, Tomáš ; Rob, Lukáš (advisor) ; Mlynček, Miloš (referee) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
Vulvar cancer accounts for only 5% of gynaecological malignancies and belongs to uncommon gynaecological tumours. The incidence is around 4/100,000 women and the mortality reaches almost 2/100,000 women and has not changed a lot during last decades. The therapy of genital warts and premalignant lesions of the vulva does not lead to significant drop of recurrence despite various therapeutic modalities. Three different data sets of women were included into this work. The first set focuses on data of HPV distribution across different vulvar lesions, where 54 genital warts, 102 vulvar precancer lesions, 49 vulvar cancers and 44 vulvar dystrophies were included respectively. Second set focuses on epidemiology and the importance of surgical margins in the treatment of vulvar H-SIL, where 65 women were included. The last set is focused on the problems of HPV and non-HPV associated vulvar cancers in relation to recurrence. 133 vulvar cancers were included into the data set and 105 vulvar cancers were analysed with the portion of 53 HPV associated and 52 non-HPV associated vulvar cancers. The main objective is to analyse own data sets and expand the knowledge of predictive factors of vulvar lesions. Our findings will be applied in clinical practice with the intention to optimise diagnostic-therapeutic...
|
|
| |
|
|
Effect of radical surgery and experimental consolidation therapy on immunological parameters in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
Brtnický, Tomáš ; Rob, Lukáš (advisor) ; Zikán, Michal (referee) ; Jurga, Ľudovít (referee)
The incidence of ovarian carcinoma in the Czech Republic is one of the highest in the EU. The five year survival rate of all stages is approximately 40%. The mortality still remains high globally, despite the efforts of diagnostic procedures and modern treatment. After ending the course of chemotherapy, a completely successful clinical response can be achieved in the early stages (stage I. a II.) in almost 100% of patients. However in 20-40 % it is unfortunately impossible to completely eliminate all tumour cells resistant to chemotherapy and almost a third of women have relapses. Today in the late stages (III. a IV.) more than 70 % of cases result in complete clinical remission; however within 2 years more than 50 % of women from this group suffer from relapses. The relaps of disease results from the activation of a chemoresistant clone of malignant cells. Those cell populations that aren't detectable using investigation methods are marked as minimal residual disease. The issue has been divided into three areas. In the first we monitored the amount of regulatory T-cells in peripheral blood of patients with ovarian cancer. In the second we monitored the dynamics of the immune infiltrate, depending on the stage of the disease. In the third, we tested various types of cytostatics in their ability to...
|
|
|
The influence of reduced radicality of oncosurgical treatment on urogenital tract morbidity
Chmel, Roman ; Rob, Lukáš (advisor) ; Halaška, Michael (referee) ; Mlynček, Miloš (referee) ; Roztočil, Aleš (referee)
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common gynecological malignancy in Czech Republic. The incidence of cervical cancer in 2008 was 19.2/100000 (1021 women) and mortality reached 6/100000. Both radiotherapy and surgery have comparable results in the treatment of cervical cancer but surgical treatment is still the favoured modality especially in young female. Very succesful curability of early stages of this disease (88-97 %) based on individualized therapy currently leads to emphasize the quality of life increasing of treated women. Morbidity related to the treatment is connected with radicality of surgery. The dominant objective of the submitted study was prospective detection of preoperative and postoperative control over the micturition and urinary continence in 142 evaluated women who underwent nerve-sparing radical abdominal hysterectomy type C1, less radical surgery - laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy type A or less radical fertility sparing surgery - laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and simple trachelectomy. Postoperative morbidity is connected with both pelvic lymphadenectomy and resection of the paracervix and proximal part of vagina with hypogastric nerve and inferior hypogastric plexus injury. The lower urinary tract function before and after the...
|
|
| |
|
|
Importance and methods of sentinel nodes identification in endometrial cancer
Hrehorčák, Martin ; Rob, Lukáš (advisor) ; Roztočil, Aleš (referee) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee) ; Masák, Ladislav (referee)
STRUCTURED ABSTRAKT Title: Importance and methods of sentinel nodes identification in endometrial cancer Author: Martin Hrehorčák Objective: To evaluace the results of tree different protocols of sentinel node identification in endometrial cancer. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Charles University, 2nd Medical Faculty, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech republic. Methods: 141 women with verified endometrial cancer were included into the study. 10 subjects were excluded due to the duplicity with another malignit tumour, extrauterine spread and non- endometroid type of the tumour. Three different protocols for sentinel lymph node detection were described: Tc99 was applied hysteroscopically peritumorous in 22 women. Subserous peritumorous application of the radiocolloid and patent blue dye was performed in 66 women. Subserous diffuse injection of this combination to eight sites was performed in 43 subjects. Results: 2220 lymph nodes were harvested in 131 women, average 16.9 per subject. 215 sentinel lymph nodes in 91 women were obtained, average 2.36 per subject. Detection rate was 69.46. 63.4% sentinel nodes were identified in the external iliac area, 17.8% in supraobturator area, 8.9% in common iliac area, 4.25% in medial part of lateral...
|
|
|
Multiple Sclerosis and Pregnancy
Hanulíková, Petra ; Rob, Lukáš (advisor) ; Binder, Tomáš (referee) ; Krofta, Ladislav (referee)
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS that typically affects young women of childbearing age. Due to the international published data, safety for pregnant women with MS can be assumed. However, no study has been published in the Czech Republic to address the effect of MS on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Objective: Analysis of the clinical course of patients with MS during and after pregnancy, and perinatal outcomes in comparison with healthy pregnant women. Methods: A single centre prospective observational study in the period 2006-2015 was conducted. Complete data from 68 patients with MS were analyzed (85 deliveries) and were compared with a control cohort of 68 age- and parity - matched healthy pregnancies. Results: The comparison between relapse rate and EDSS before, during and after delivery showed no statistically significant difference (relapse in 7.4% and 9.5%, EDSS 1.27 and 1.49). Perinatal outcomes were comparable in both cohorts. The weight of newborns differed by 159 g, (p = 0.295), complications in pregnancy were represented in 16.2% in the group with MS and in 27.9% in controls (p = 0.295), caesarean section was performed in 16.2% in patients with MS and in 23.5% of controls (p = 0.629), 79.4% of patients with MS were breast-feeding. In the MS...
|
|
|
Optimization approach to the detection of sentinel node in endometrial cancer
Valha, Petr ; Kučera, Eduard (advisor) ; Rob, Lukáš (referee) ; Sláma, Jiří (referee)
Title: "Optimization Approach to the Detection of Sentinel Node in Endometrial Cancer." Design: prospective experimental study Aim of thesis : The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictive value of the in vivo sentinel lymphnode (SLN) mapping in patientswithendometrialcancer and verifyamodified method of the application of subserosal blue dye by laparotomy versus laparoscopy approach. Detection substance is applied subserosally in the uterine edges vicinity the round ligament of uterus and uterine vessels in the isthmic portion of the uterus. Detection rate of the SLN was endpoint of this study. Presence of nodular adenomyosis in uterine specimens with endometrial cancer was another endpoint. The findings were compared with our retrospective study on malignant changes in adenomyosis in women with endometrial cancer. Materials and methods: Altogether thirty-one patients were divided into two groups. Group A - patients with intermediate and high risk endometrial cancer stages I were subjected to staging laparotomy with intraoperative detection of SLN and subsequent completion of the pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Harvested SLN was routinely examined by classical haematoxilin eosin staining and in case of negativity, immunohistochemistry with antikeratine antibodies AE1/AE3 was applied....
|
|
|
Optimization approach to the detection of sentinel node in endometrial cancer
Valha, Petr ; Kučera, Eduard (advisor) ; Rob, Lukáš (referee) ; Sláma, Jiří (referee)
Title: "Optimization Approach to the Detection of Sentinel Node in Endometrial Cancer." Design: prospective experimental study Aim of thesis : The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictive value of the in vivo sentinel lymphnode (SLN) mapping in patientswithendometrialcancer and verifyamodified method of the application of subserosal blue dye by laparotomy versus laparoscopy approach. Detection substance is applied subserosally in the uterine edges vicinity the round ligament of uterus and uterine vessels in the isthmic portion of the uterus. Detection rate of the SLN was endpoint of this study. Presence of nodular adenomyosis in uterine specimens with endometrial cancer was another endpoint. The findings were compared with our retrospective study on malignant changes in adenomyosis in women with endometrial cancer. Materials and methods: Altogether thirty-one patients were divided into two groups. Group A - patients with intermediate and high risk endometrial cancer stages I were subjected to staging laparotomy with intraoperative detection of SLN and subsequent completion of the pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Harvested SLN was routinely examined by classical haematoxilin eosin staining and in case of negativity, immunohistochemistry with antikeratine antibodies AE1/AE3 was applied....
|
guest ::
