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The Legacy of Invisible Man: Ralph Ellison's Influence on Fight Club.
Otáhal, Michal ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Roraback, Erik Sherman (referee)
This thesis explores the themes of Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) in comparison with Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club (1996) through the views of the intradiegetic unnamed first- person narrators of both novels. Although they are of a different race, socio-economical standing, and era, they have a similar mindset which, on the one hand, criticizes the US capitalism and the work-oriented, materialistic American Dream, and on the other one, reflects Emersonian combination of nihilism and anarchy. Fight Club follows the ideas voiced in Invisible Man and adjusts them to the contemporary globalized society. The thesis is divided into three main chapters, each focusing on one major topic pursued by the narrators. The first chapter deals with the idea of dispossession, both as a material and spiritual separation from the world, which is the core of the narrators' process of self-liberation from the norms of society. Only when they lose all possessions, social bonds, and almost erase their identities, they can find their true (Emersonian) selves and freedom. The self is more analysed in the following chapter focused on the theme of social invisibility. The narrators are taken at face value by society, i.e. people concentrate only on their outward social markers and disregard their individual selves....
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Pulmonary pathophysiology during circulatory support.
Popková, Michaela ; Mlček, Mikuláš (advisor) ; Rohn, Vilém (referee) ; Otáhal, Michal (referee)
Introduction: Left-ventricular (LV) distension and consequent pulmonary congestion are complications frequently discussed in patients with severe LV dysfunction treated with veno- arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). The goal of this study was to describe the influence of high VA ECMO flows to LV distension, lung hemodynamics, and lung fluid accumulation. Methods of LV decompression were studied to prevent lung edema. Methods: In all experiments porcine models under general anesthesia were used. The effects of high extracorporeal blood flow (EBF) on LV heart work were assessed in a chronic heart failure model. The effects of LV afterload on lung fluid accumulation were evaluated by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) on acute heart failure models. Phase and frequency filtration and mathematical analysis were applied to the raw EIT data. Subsequently, mini- invasive techniques of LV decompression were evaluated for LV work. Results: The stepwise increases of VA ECMO flow improved both hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters. Nevertheless, it also caused distension and increased work of LV. The rise in EBF led to increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and lung fluid accumulation assessed by EIT in heart failure. The methods for LV decompression (Impella pump, atrial...
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Biomechanical model of interaction between ventilation and hemodynamics induced by mechanical ventilation
Otáhal, Michal ; Kittnar, Otomar (advisor) ; Maršík, František (referee) ; Dostál, Pavel (referee)
MUDr. Michal Otáhal Biomechanický model interakce oběhu a ventilace za podmínek UPV Abstract: Conventional mechanical ventilation provides gas exchange in conditions of respiratory failure by application positive airway pressure in the respiratory system. Due to the significant change in pressure conditions inside the thorax during conventional artificial ventilation the circulation can be significantly affected. Recruitment maneuver (RM) techniques can be a part of ventilation strategy in patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), that are used to re-aerate collapsed parts of the lung parenchyma. During these RMs a significantly higher airway pressure is used than in protective ventilation strategy, which can limit the flow through the lung capillary network and can significantly affect the systemic hemodynamics of the patient. The aim of this work was to develop an optimized animation model of ARDS, then to compare the influence that has the application of different types of recruitment maneuvers on hemodynamics and to create a biomechanical simulation model of interaction and blood circulation and its verification with data obtained during the implementation of different types of RM in the experimental animal ARDS model. Results from the experimental animal model and simulations...
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Effect of parenteral and enteral nutrition on nutritional status of severely ill patients
Krištofová, Hana ; Otáhal, Michal (advisor) ; Kotrlíková, Eva (referee)
The system of nutritional support in the form of enteral and parenteral nutrition is an inherent part of therapeutic procedures in severely ill patients. The intake of sufficient energy and nutrients affects the course of treatment and subsequent convalescence. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out whether the intake of nutrients in these patients corresponds with the relevant recommendations and also to evaluate the difference between the nutrition indicators in blood for the different types of nutrition. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis defines the concepts of enteral and parenteral nutrition, their indications, contraindications, composition and delivery systems. The pathophysiological processes that occur in the organism of severely ill patients as well as the needs of individual nutrients that differ from the stabilized patients are described here. The practical part deals with a sample of 36 patients who were hospitalized at the Intensive care unit of Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague . It describes energy and protein intake from the different types of nutritional support. It also evaluates whether the real income corresponds to the planned intake and whether...
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The creation of training methodology for medical personnel to operation the lung ventilator with utilization of trequently asked questions
Zdráhal, Vojtěch ; Otáhal, Michal (advisor) ; Mikeš, Petr (referee)
The goal of this Diploma thesis is to consolidate questions asked during the training of medical personnel for the correct usage of the lung ventilator Hamilton Medical G5, and to create more effective training methodology to safely operate this unit, based on collected inquiries. The training for this concrete device is assumed to be valid for at least 10 years. The practical utilization of the thesis is for the exclusive distributor of devices of this brand and also for technical departments of hospitals where the unit is installed in. The theoretical part of the thesis cosists of a legislative scope, which defines the issue of training, the training process itself and a basic description of the lung ventilator. Practical part consists of training methodology for effective and safe usage of the lung ventilator Hamilton Medical G5, based on collected inquiries. It is divided into two basic parts with an emphasis on issues related to medical personnel at first, and then to the issues oriented more to doctors.
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