|
|
The views of Daniel Adam of Veleslavín on Czechs and foreigners
Černá, Alena M.
The paper is devoted to the views of Daniel Adam of Veleslavín (1546–1599) on the Czechs and foreigners with whom the Czech lands are in contact or who they know from the available literature. These are mainly Germans, Italians and Poles, but attention is also paid to peoples who pose a real or potential threat to the Czech lands (Turks and Russians). Veleslavín judges that the old Czechs possessed good qualities (bravery, faith in God, reliability, respect for order and laws), but that they lost these qualities through contact with foreign nations. They concentrate more on secular pleasures and slacken their concern for the nation and the homeland. The material base for the paper was the Czech written prefaces to the works that Veleslavín prepared for publication in 1578–1599.
|
|
|
Salerno verses published by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín
Černá, Alena M.
The article is devoted to a medical didactic poem on the preservation of health Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, which is known as Salerno verses, published by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín in 1587. The original Latin verses were translated into national languages from the Middle Ages. We deal with the question of whether one of the Czech translations was prepared by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín and what is the relation of the translation from 1587 to the older translation from 1584. We lay special attention to the characteristics of the Czech language of Veleslavín's edition.
|
|
|
Terminology in Daniel Adam of Veleslavín´s Nomenclators
Černá, Alena M.
The paper is based on two ideological (or systemic) dictionaries by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín: Latin-Czech-German Nomenclator .... tribus linguis from 1586, and Czech-Latin-Greek-German dictionary Nomenclator quadrilinguis from 1598. We mainly focus on the semantic fields analysis of the vocabulary related to viticulture, medicaments, and medical treatments. In order to better explain the foreign term, Veleslavín often mentioned more Czech one-word equivalents for one foreign word (e.g. vinař, vinohradník – vine-grower) or equivalents of foreign (i.e. not originally Czech) origin (e.g. gargara – gargle). In case a one-word equivalent did not exist, Veleslavín used differently structured group of words and periphrases to convey the meaning (viničná tyčka – vineyard bar, lékařství pro kejchání – medicine for sneezing, mast na dírky potové – sweat-holes liniment, lékařství, kteréž vrásky shlazuje a shání – medicine that smooths up wrinkles). The dictionaries contain rather few neologisms. In case of new derivations and compounds, we find word-formation techniques applied in accordance with the Czech language system (hříženice, i.e. grapevine offshoot, zubitrh, i.e. who pulls out teeth). Most of the newly created lexemes did not survive till the contemporary Czech and they are only to be found in the dictionaries originating in Veleslavín`s lexicographical works, especially those by K. Z. Vusín and J. K. Rohn, as well as J. Dobrovský and J. Jungmann.
|
|
|
On Dictionary Transmissions
Černá, Alena M.
Daniel Adam of Veleslavin (1546-1599) is rightly considered the founder of the Czech lexicography. His work has been followed by subsequent generations and his Czech became the model for the period of the Czech National Revival. This paper pursues several metaphorical lexical units that Veleslavín first used in his dictionaries (especially in his Nomenclator quadrilinguis dictionary dating back to 1598): little-wolves = wind, kittens = catkins, wine molech = a drunkard, baker's soul = pores in a hunch of bread. These metaphors, which undoubtedly existed in the Humanist language, were taken over by more recent lexicographers and lexicographic works (from V. J. Rosa up to the Reference Dictionary of Czech Language), such a fact contributes to the understanding of the lexicographic method of the past periods. At the same time, the question arises as to whether these metaphors were actually used in spoken Czech, or they only appeared in the given dictionaries as a reflection of the lexicographical work of the influential Humanist scholar. In the analysis, we also describe the changes that affected the forms and meaning of the metaphors as well as, in some cases, do we describe even new lexical units that replaced or supplemented these metaphors.
|
|
|
Hájek’s Chronicle and Old Czech Annals
Černá, Alena M.
According to the specialist literature, the many sources behind Hájek’s Czech Chronicle include chronicles from a set entitled Old Czech Annals, but it has never been precisely determined which of the more than thirty surviving manuscripts are involved. Based on a sample of sixteen reports on events during the Hussite wars appearing in Hájek’s Chronicle and in the Old Czech Annals, we have attempted to establish the source text. We have not found the direct source, but we find most (thirteen) of the identical reports in text R, known as Vratislavský, written between 1515 and 1535. identification of the source text was complicated by the possibility that it had not actually been preserved or that Václav Hájek used more than one text from the Old Czech Annals in his work. the work was also influenced by the fact that Hájek was an unusually creative individual who can be presumed to have not accepted the sources automatically, but to have adapted and recreated their language and contents.
|
|
| |
|
|
Publicly accessible electronic resources to the study of the historical Czech in The Department of Language Development of The Institute of the Czech Language AS CR, v. v. i
Černá, Alena M. ; Lehečka, Boris ; Nejedlý, Petr ; Šimek, Štěpán ; Vajdlová, Miloslava
The article introduces two internet sources designated to the study of Older Czech language (13th to 18th centuries); both have been designed and run by The Department of Language Development at The Institute of the Czech Language at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The first source, Vokabulář webový [Web Vocabulary] (http://vokabular.ujc.cas.cz), makes texts, images and audio materials available to the study of Older Czech language. The accessible materials are, primarily, both modern and historical dictionaries, amongst which the most salient is the, gradually growing, Elektronický slovník staré češtiny [Electronic Old-Czech Vocabulary] that treats Old-Czech lexicon from the dawn of Czech language to the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, Vokabulář includes electronic editions of the works originating in the period from the 13th century to the beginning of the 19th century, presented both as continuous texts and in the corpus version; digitalized copies of Older-Czech grammar books; basic scientific literature; audiobooks of Older-Czech texts; and software tools utilized for the work with historical texts. The second source is Lexikální databáze hu-manistické a barokní češtiny [Lexical Database of Humanistic and Baroque Czech] (http://madla.ujc.cas.cz). It records the Czech vocabulary of the 16th to 18th centuries based on the excerption of the authentic contemporary texts (both old prints and manuscripts): Lexical database illustrates the Czech vocabulary with direct quotations, including stating the source. Thus, Lexical Database partly substitutes the missing Czech vocabulary of the mentioned period.
|
|
|
Electronic processing and publication of Old Czech texts
Černá, Alena M. ; Lehečka, Boris
Electronic editions prepared in the Department of Language Development of the Institute of the Czech Language, Academy of Science of Czech Republic, v. v. i., are published in web sites Manuscriptorium and Vokabulář webový (in the Edition module and Old Czech text bank) and as electronic books in e-shop of the publishing house Academia. All electronic editions are prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and are automatically exported to these outputs. There are two main output formats: XML TEI P5 standard and tagged text format for text bank; we use XSLT transformations and special software developed for this purposes.
|
|
|
Daniel Adam of Veleslavín and his dictionaries
Černá, Alena M.
Daniel Adam of Veleslavín is one of the most significant figures in Czech cultural history and is included the school curriculum, yet there is minimal scholarly literature on his life and work. There are not even any existing modern editions of his dictionaries. In addition, information on these dictionaries is often incorrect, for example, the frequent claim that his quadrilingual dictionary Nomenclator quadrilinguis, Boemico-Latino-Graeco-Germanicus (Prague 1598) is merely another version of his earlier trilingual dictionary, published as Nomenclator omnium rerum propria nomina tribus linguis, Latina, Boiemica, Germanica explicata continens (Praha 1586), expanded to include the Greek language. This article provides convincing evidence that these are two independent and newly created works with differing templates. The older Nomenclator is based on the dictionary by the Dutch physician, historian and philologist Hadrian Junius, while the younger one is a reworked version of the dictionary by the German scholar Helfricus Emmelius. The two works vary immensely in both the macrostructure and microstructure of their entries. The Czech language sections of the two dictionaries also vary and it is apparent that Daniel Adam did not automatically adopt the newer dictionary of his original work, rather, he revised it, altered it slighlty and improved it overall.
|
|
|
A word with a bad reputation
Černá, Alena M.
The article deals with a Czech word „čistonosoplena“, which denotes a handkerchief in the contemporary Czech. Generally, the word is known from a schooling and from web sites, but nobody knows who is the author of this term and when that term was created.
|
guest ::
