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Ultrasonic biopolymer characterisation by hysteresis quantification
Zatloukalová, Jana ; Tokar, Daniel ; Kopecká, Karolína ; Převorovský, Zdeněk
Nonlinear characteristics are advanced indicators of the structure of viscoelastic materials. In this contribution, we focus on biopolymers (such as articular cartilage and skin tissue), and their typical amount of energy lost by mechanical loading/unloading represented by a hysteresis curve. For hysteresis modeling we use the PreisachMayergoyz space model, and restricted power distribution (Guyer extended distribution). Besides the power distribution parameters, the stress protocol is required as an input to obtain the modeled hysteresis curve, and to compare with experimental results. Knowing the experimental curve, an iterative numerical procedure for identification of true density function of opening and closing pressures was applied, and an optimization algorithm sought for the best (characteristic) distribution parameters for the specific soft tissue. Material properties can be evaluated based on the described quantification, and potentially used for medical purposes and healing or cosmetics treatment evaluation.
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Ultrasonic characterization of CFRP anisotropy
Kling, M. ; Tokar, Daniel ; Převorovský, Zdeněk
In the paper, a new method for evaluation of CFRP (carbon fiber-reinforced plastic) anisotropy is presented. Such material is composed of carbon fabric, i. e. epoxy layers with different orientation, which makes material stronger and lighter. These specific properties are generally used in aerospace and automotive industry. Measurement method is based on a special multi-directional ultrasonic probe with eight built-in piezoceramic elements used for elastic wave propagation measurement. CFRP anisotropy evaluation is twofold: the first method is based on determination of the wave propagation velocities in different directions. The second way exploits the spectral non-linearity between harmonic frequencies’ ratios and signal amplitude, which is an important parameter for defects’ detection in NDT (non-destructive testing). Both experimental data were statistically validated and the obtained results are promising for further use in the field of research and industry.
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In-vivo Mapping of Human Skin Anisotropy Using Multi-directional Ultrasonic Probe
Tokar, Daniel ; Hradilová, Jana ; Převorovský, Zdeněk
In this paper, investigation of anisotropic behavior of forearm and back skin tissue is presented. Knowledge in this research field is of great interest mainly in dermatology, plastic surgery and regenerative therapies. Anisotropy characteristics of the skin are determined by ultrasonic wave propagation velocity using special multi-directional flexible ultrasonic probe, which enables local investigation of skin anisotropy in vivo. Assessing data, obtained from local measurements of human back, enables visualization of anisotropy map of the back skin tissue. Findings in current state of human skin anisotropy using the multi-directional ultrasonic probe provide an easy method to evaluate the local anisotropy of inter-individual skin tissue.
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Ultrasonic Measurement of Skin Surface Deformation
Tokar, Daniel ; Bálek, R.
This paper describes a development of a system for ultrasonic measurement of a human skin surface deformation in-vivo. A measuring method is based on pulse-echo measurements of an ultrasonic wave propagating in the skin surface. The developed measuring system is microprocessor controlled and consists of self designed transmitting and receiving circuits for evaluation of the distance between ultrasonic transducers. The system has been tested and considered as the working prototype.
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