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Health Status of Russian Population and its Determinants
Vágnerová, Zdenka ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
Process of social and economical transformation after the dissolution of the Soviet Union brought a significant decrease in demographic indicators and deterioration of the health status of Russian population. Among the main problems are: Increasing death rate in all age groups Decreasing life expectancy, low healthy life expectancy High number of infant deaths in comparison with advanced countries. Increasing number of cases of infectious diseases In the first part of this study is given an analysis on health status and demographic indicators of Russian population and their development in the 90's. Statistical data are analyzed in historical prospective and in comparison with indicators for EU and CIS members states. Significant part is also devoted to description of the factors (socialeconomical, health care, healthy life style and environmental), which are believed to have a significant impact on health status on the individual and also national level, according to WHO definition of health and concept of determinants of health. In second part of this study are discussed the main risk factors and hypothesis, which are explaining the deterioration of health of Russian citizens. There are several theories for this dramatic decrease in life expectancy. One sees a connection between the low life...
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Development of Czech medical law in the context of health-related human rights
Teršová, Tereza ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
Diploma thesis "Development of Czech medical law in the context of health-related human rights" deals with Czech medical law and its development after the year 1989 in connection with the human rights. Also this thesis deals with the area of human rights with their relation to health, especially in the time of the current health reforms. The aim of the thesis is, based on the analysis of the current findings, to find out the deficits of the protection of human rights regarding the modernization of health law and to identify the reasons of the failure of the implementation of the norms and laws concerning the human rights and their connection to health in the Czech legal system.
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Suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its impact on health
Majerová, Vendula ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
The main objective of diploma thesis "Suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its impact on health" is research of non-coordinated suburbanization in Central Bohemia Region and its relation to health of inhabitants. There is used an appropriate combination of research methods according to the research objectives and questions (mental maps, actor analysis, public policy analysis, comparation, interviews). It enables understanding of all aspects of thesuburbanization process. Many theoretical concepts are used, eg. determinants of health, urbanism, sustainable development, quality of life or social transformation. The first part of diploma thesis presents health problems caused by urban sprawl. These problems are related to air quality, physical activity, traffic, water quantity and quality, mental health, social capital and health of special populations. Inguiry identifies roles, interests and behaviour of relevant actors. It proves that current suburbanization of Central Bohemia Region, similar to urban sprawl, may influence health and quality of life of its inhabitants, and brings many negative externalities. Incrementakl knowledge development and pressure of the European Union leads to changes in public policy and legislation, which was influenced with social transformation and impact on...
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Health Insurance in USA
Karlová, Irena ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to find and to discuss the main current problems of the American health insurance system and their causes through the event analysis, problem tree and the SWOT analysis. In the theoretical part, there are defined different types of health insurance and their sources, there is also performed a classification of different models of the health insurance and its functions. In the analytical part, there are selected the main historical events concerning the topic that lead into the problem analysis of the current system. The idenified problems are further discussed in the analysis of current problems. The outcomes of the analysis are summarized in the SWOT analysis. The main problems concern very expensive health services caused by high technological inovation rate (responsiveness), the financial difficulties with gaining corresponding health insurance, the orientation in the very complicated system and in the vaste amount of information resouces, and the presence of the significant risk groups that do not have equitable access to the health care and that are thus in a worse health state.
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Assesement of effects of antismoking policy focused on children and teenagers
Quirschfeld, Lýdia ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
Diploma thesis "Assesement of effects of antismoking policy focused on children and teenagers" deals with the problem of young smokers, whose numbers are not significantly decreasing in the Czech republic despite broad range of measures taken in recent years. Efficiency and funcionality of those measures leading to the protection of children and health promotion as well as the proposed solutions of battle against tobacco companies' marketing are evaluated. Czech republic legislation and its effects on children's cigarette consumption is therefor analyzed. Moreover, possible solutions in form of WHO's proposals are introduced.
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Socially excluded locality Mojžíř?
Prokopcová, Lenka ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
The work deals with the analysis of socially excluded localities beginning Mojžíř. It focuses on the exploration of problems of local people, the reasons for their occurrence and their possible remedies. Another important part of the work is to analyze existing programs and projects in support of the site and its inhabitants and to assess their adequacy. The paper used methods: secondary data analysis, interviews with experts, surveys within the case studies, in-depth interviews with selected residents, tree location problems. The research results show a large number of problems which are faced by local residents and minimal opportunities to face those challenges and most preventable. The key consider high unemployment, debt and morbidity of local people. The site works by People in Need, which significantly contributes to help local, it runs but very reluctant to arrogance in cooperation with local authorities in Neštěmice under which settlement Mojžíř falls.
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Analysis and evaluation of implementation of social policy on homelessness
Rameš, Jiří ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
The work deals with the homelessness as a social problem and with the implementation of social policy in this area. The author examines the issue of homeless people from several perspectives. He discribes the importance of home as an essential component for satisfying the basic human needs. There are focused the determinants that cause the loss of homes and job. The author brings the institutional model of the functioning of the policy and analyzes the key human rights documents that are somehow affecting the homeless. This is especially the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Describes the organization and the importance of FEANTSA. Furthermore, analyzing the documents of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. In another part, the author introduces his knowledges from the qualitative research of homeless. He is interested for each specific aspect of their lives and their attitudes to them. These include issues of health and social care, access togovernment and the "normal" life. The result of this work is an assessment of homelessness policy in relation to the above mentioned international documents, the documents at the national level research and the homeless.
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Health promotion strategies as a reflection of determinants of health in contemporary world
Strenková, Anna ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Health promotion strategies as a reflection of determinants of health in contemporary world" deals with the issue of high prevalence of chronic diseases caused by the change of social structure during the transformation from traditional to modern society and epidemiological transition which occurred as a result. These problems together with theoretical health determinants research initiated the establishment of theoretical and practical discipline called health promotion ("new public health") which is supposed to work together with the existing medical-oriented discipline of 'old' public health in the health care system. The main contribution of theoretical research was the finding that the healthcare system effects health of the population just by 15 %, while lifestyle and environmental conditions are the most important determinants of health. Social and economic conditions work as contextual health determinants. They influence health and the other determinants through a broad social context. The aim of health promotion is to address these social and economic factors in order to improve the health status of population and reduce inequalities in health. The thesis explores health promotion programs and strategies on the international (WHO), European (EU) and national (Czech) level and...
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Colorectal screening barriers in the Czech Republic
Vlasáková, Martina ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
The Diploma thesis deals with outcomes of the colorectal screening program in the Czech Republic. This program has been performed since 2000. Despite more than 11 years of its existence it is not considered as successful one. There has not been the decline of the incidence of the colorectal cancer and the change in the proportion of the stages towards the higher proportion of early stages. The program has long been struggling with the low coverage of the target population. This thesis asks what the barriers of better outcomes of colorectal screening program are. Moreover, it focuses on the program organization, its position within the healthcare system and barriers in the higher participation of the target population. The thesis discusses provider barriers, patient barriers and system barriers. The thesis builds upon the theoretical knowledge of the health policy, of the development of the colorectal cancer and of the making of screening programs. The thesis is based on the evaluation research; it uses qualitative and quantitative data. The research methods are the secondary data analysis, semi-structured interviews and the discursive analysis. The thesis leads to the knowledge that the better outcomes barriers can be seen in the program organization, which is not systematic, the program does not use the...
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Trust of citizens in health care system CR
Bauerová, Lucie ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Kružík, Lubomír (referee)
Thesis "Citizens' trust in health system CR" discusses the current state of czech health system, how is perceived by the citizens. In this thesis the focus is on the functioning of modern medicine. The theoretical part is devoted to the wider context of the problem of trust in the health care system. This section is trying to describe the changes in society which has been changing relationship of a doctor and patient. Most significant changes that affect this relationship are represented by the development of information society, as well as commercial and system pressure on the doctor. It also highlighted the importance there is the of human rights related to health and patient rights. The empirical part focuses on the research results and their discussion. The research method was applied in the form of qualitative interviews, which were then rewritten and clarified schematically using tables. Research results did not confirm the assumption that citizens lose trust in medicine as a science (lege artis). Problems of the health system respondents associate more with its wrong settings, which can be blamed for the Ministry of Health. Citizens were fairly unsatisfied with the current political situation and this is surely reflected the results of the decreased trust in state institutions.
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