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On the issue of past tenses in Portuguese and Spanish: a constrastive study based on a selected work
Weisová, Alžběta ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Hricsina, Jan (referee)
In our thesis entitled On the Issue of Past Tenses in Spanish and Portuguese: Constrastive Study Based on a Selected Work we have compared the past tense system in contemporary Spanish and Portuguese, in order to discover main differences on the temporal as well as on the extratemporal level. In general, the complexness of the repertory of past tenses in Romance languages makes the full comprehension of the problem by not native speaker extremely difficult. Moreover, the linguistic proximity of both languages can cause many interferences and the phenomenon called "false friends". In the first "theoretical" part we have observed the principal theories of the most significant linguists and tried to demonstrate their statements on an authentic linguistic material. We have discovered many secondary meanings at every paradigm, which implicates difficulties during the study or translation. As we expected the essential difference on the temporary level consists in the use of perfeito composto in Portuguese and perfecto compuesto in Spanish, which also have different aspectual characteristics. On the other hand, most secondary (mainly modal) values are in both languages represented by imperfeito / imperfecto. In case of mais-que-perfeito / pluscuamperfecto there is an asymmetrical relation between the morphological...
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New rules of Portuguese ortography and their application in practice
Adamcová, Noemi ; Hricsina, Jan (referee) ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor)
Aim of the diploma thesis is to map transparently language situation in Portuguese speaking countries from point of view of orthographical rules. The thesis is divided into several main chapters. The first part focuses on description of diffusion of Portuguese culture during naval expansion in the 17th century. Process of accepting European culture in colonized areas is described. The following subchapter describes current situation in lusofonic countries as well. The main accent is laid on situation in Brazil, which is the main representative of different orthographical standard of Portuguese orthography. Actual form of Brazil variation of Portuguese is described in the main features with accent on deviations from European standard. Into smaller extent, the thesis deals with description of situation of Portuguese speaking countries in Africa and Asia. Following chapter is focused on description of emergence of Portuguese since times of vulgar Latin until beginning of the 20th century. Key contribution of this chapter inheres in mapping of all attempts to reform and to unify Portuguese, which took place during the whole century. The main accent is laid on description of actual attempt of orthographical unification , which began in 1990. Substantial room is devoted to discussion, which this reformatory...
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Functional shifts of the -ria form in current Portuguese
Rundová, Dana ; Hricsina, Jan (referee) ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor)
The pr e sent diploma the s i s , ent i t led "Fun c t ional Shi f t s of the - r ia Form in Cur r ent Por tu gue s e " , i s dedi ca ted to an int e gr a ted s tudy of a ve rba l pa r adigm, the so ca l l ed " - r i a form" ( t r adi t iona l ly known a s " condi t iona l tense " ) in the Europe an and Bra z i l i an Por tugue se . At f i r s t , the pape r pre sent s broade r concept s of t ime and moda l i t y a s the ba s i c pr inc iple s for the cons t ruc t ion of modot empora l s y s tems of a l l na tura l l angua ge s . Subs equent l y , the modot empora l s ys tem of cur r ent Por tugue se i s e xposed, and f ina l l y the - r i a form i t se l f . In a c cordanc e wi th the s t ruc tur a l approa ch, the t empora l and moda l func t ions of the form a r e de f ined in re la t ion to the othe r s by se t s of di s t inc t i ve f e a ture s . Consequent l y, the a l t e rna t i ve forms able to compute the - r i a form in appropr i a te conte xt s (but s l i ght l y modi f y ing the s igni f i ca t ion) a re re sumed. In the pr a c t i ca l pa r t of the the s i s , conc re t e oc cur renc e s a re ana l ys ed, ba sed on s e a r ching in journa l i s t i c te xt s or gani zed in corpus Ce t emPúbl i co (Europe an Por tugue se ) and CHAVE (Br a z i l i an Por tugue se ) , and then put up to a s ta...
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The development and actual situation of the German dialect on the territory of Rio Grande do Sul
Pufflerová, Alena ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Hricsina, Jan (referee)
The subject matter of the thesis is the German dialect on the territory of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil): its origin, development and functioning. In 1824, following the invitation of the king, the first German settlers came to Brazil to colonize Rio Grande do Sul, which had until then been uninhabited. The second chapter is dedicated to the settlement of Rio Grande do Sul. Soon the Germans, who were regarded as a closed community with no desire to assimilate, began to provoke fears. This culminated in the era of the dictatorship of Vargas, the so-called Estado Novo (New State), during which the two basic human rights, namely the right to maintain the mother-tongue and the language of education right, were taken away. The language policy of Vargas constitutes the topic of the third chapter. German-Brazil is a cumulative name for the German dialects spoken in Brazil with a great deal of Portuguese language elements, on all language levels. Typologically, it is an example of a mixed language. The way in which this language functions is illustrated in the fourth chapter. During the last four generations, the number of German-Brazil speakers has been falling. While the older generation is bilingual, Portuguese prevails in the younger one. German-Brazil is spoken predominantly in the rural areas, where it is a...
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Portuguese proper nouns in Czech
Robovská, Lenka ; Hricsina, Jan (referee) ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor)
Portuguese proper nouns, namely anthroponyms, in Czech are the subject of this both theoretical and empirical thesis. It seeks to map the use of this marginal vocabulary in Czech, to establish the extent of difficulties these names cause and to recommend a consistent way of treating them. It also relates Portuguese names to a broader context of foreign anthroponyms. The thesis covers three subtopics: firstly the pronunciation of these names in Czech, secondly the choice of inflectional paradigms and inflection of names and surnames together, thirdly the orthographical change in Czech. The basis for this work are publications on foreign proper nouns in Czech. These consist of codification handbooks and other relevant works on the Czech language, several works on names from a particular language and also various dictionaries, encyclopedias, history textbooks and other publications to certain extent touching the subject. These are confronted with a vast research, the first part of which is an excerption from publications written or translated by thirteen experts on the history of Portuguese speaking countries and on the literature of Portugal and Brazil. The second part analyzes one hundred of respondents inflecting names of five well-known figures of either Portugal or Brazil past and present. Results are...
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The language of the Portuguese advertising
Melounová, Irena ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Hricsina, Jan (advisor)
My graduation work, The Language of Portuguese Advertising, deals with modern and dynamic promotional discourse. The results presented in the project are based on the analysis of self-gathered promotional wordings in the Portuguese press from 2006 - 2008. The project is divided into 8 chapters reflecting individual linguistic discipline and verbal level. Advertising is mainly one-way communication originating from a company and going to anonymous parties, not a specified potential customer group. First of all, the promotional message has to catch the recipient's attention; secondly, it should inform about product purchase benefits in the best way. The conative function ranks first among the linguistic functions.Printed advertising has a verbal-iconic character. The brand name in advertising represents minimal linguistic utterance. Primarily, I devoted the chapter on pragmatics to conversational maxim denials. Promotional messages often don't adhere to relevancy and quality. They usually deputize indirect verbal acts. Expressions such as aqui and agora predominate in the temporal and local area of deixis and they refer the utterance to the moment and place of the speech. The most frequent demonstrative is este that refers to subjects being promoted. The most-used morphosyntactic means to praise a product or...
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Semantics analysis of personal pronouns in Portuguese
Manďák, Miroslav ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Hricsina, Jan (referee)
The goal of the thesis "Semantic analysis of personal pronouns in portuguese" is to analyse meaning and sense of personal pronouns in contemporary portuguese. Taking into account many studies considering only specific categories of portuguese pronoun clitics, the objective was to create a more complex study, using a broader variety of semantic methods. The first part of the thesis gives a brief account on various semantic approaches. The emphasis was put on the way how different authors understand the meaning of language signs and how they view the category of personal pronouns. The approaches considered as suitable for analysis of portuguese personal pronouns were identified and their priniciples presented in more details. In the second part of the thesis, an attempt was made to evaluate the basic anaphoric function in general and specifically in the field of the personal pronouns. The DRT method - a specific method based on the principles of formal dynamic semantics - enabled to formulate precise definitions of general meanings of particular personal pronouns and their relevant semantic traits. The results of the DRT analysis were put into the context of the lexical semantics. The method traditionally used in the lexical semantics was modified and broaden by the use of the third position of sem (the...
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Towards some problems of semi-sentential structures in Portuguese
Ambrosová, Anna ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Tláskal, Jaromír (advisor)
The thesis deals with the subject of non-finite clauses in Portuguese. Our target was not only to investigate and describe this inherent part of Portuguese grammar but also to assess the frequency of its use in the language. The thesis consists of three theoretical and one practical part. The first theoretical part is conceived as a general introduction to the problem of non-finite clauses and records how it is understood by Portuguese and Czech linguists. The next part of the research is dedicated in detail to the individual nominal forms of Portuguese verbs, i.e. to infinitive, gerund and participle. In the third part we divide the non-finite clauses into substantive, adjectival and adverbial and provide each of the types with examples found in Portuguese written literature. This linguistic corpus that we created represents the practical part of our study. The last part of the work summarises the most common conjunctions used in subordinate clauses with finite verb form and the equivalent prepositions in non-finite clauses. We counted all the non-finite clauses in four books written in Portuguese and concluded our research by stating which type is the most frequent.
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Problematics of Creole languages: example of Capverdian Creole
Pelant, Matyáš ; Tláskal, Jaromír (referee) ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (advisor)
Hlavním tématem této diplomové práce je problematika kreolštin portugalského základu - jejich vymezení vzhledem k ostatním jazykům a hlavně jazyku základu - portugalštině. Ukázali jsme, že tendencí moderní lingvistiky je vnímant kreolštiny obecně jako samostatný jazykový systém. Studium teoretických prací nám ukazuje výjimečnost kreolštin, zejména při jejich vzniku, a představuje nám rozsáhlou terminologii, která tyto jazyky popisuje. Právě proto, že je někdy obtížné z čistě jazykového hlediska určit přesný rozdíl mezi pidžinem a kreolštinou, zdá se nám základní terminologie kreolistiky pro popis kreolštin nezbytná. Kreolštiny portugalského základu, které jsme představili, jsou stále významné, zejména v africké oblasti. V Asii jsme byli svědky dekreolizace či vymizení kreolštin. Také jsme ukázali, že se jedná o velmi rozsáhlou oblast, která nabízí mnoho témat nejen pro kreolistiku, jazykovědu jako takovou a její pro příbuzné obory (hlavně sociolingvistika), ale i pro historii (historie osídlování, otrokářského systému, vztah jazyka a historie apod.) či etnologii Gazykjako významná charakteristika komunit). Na příkladu kabuverdianu jsme sledovali jednotlivé rysy, které jsou typické pro kreolské jazyky. Srovnávali jsme její systém s portugalštinou, protože se jedná o jazyk, se kterým je kabuverdianu stále v...
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Issues of structure Det + N1N2 in contemporary Portuguese
Matějovicová, Jitka ; Tláskal, Jaromír (advisor) ; Jindrová, Jaroslava (referee)
The aim ofthis work is to divide and analyse the structure Det + N1N2 in contemporary Portuguese. Hence we deal with expressions consisting oftwo side-byside substantives, which are not connected by preposition (cf. a palavra-chave, o navioescola, o Estado-nar;ďo ou o cantor/poeta; o Prémio Nobel). These structures are relatively frequent in spoken as well as in written language and they contribute considerably to the enrichment ofvocabulary. We can consider them as compounds or simple nominal groups, sometimes they are analysed within the framework of transposition. Authors, who apply themselves to the issue of compounds, usually deal with the distinction between compounds and simple nominal groups and with creation of criteria for their typology and c1assification. Those who study the structure in terms of transposition focus on transition of expression in the N2 position from the c1ass of substantives to the c1ass of adjectives. Generally we can say that iťs possible to find several theoretical attitudes, which blend together in some aspects and differ in others. Thaťs why we introduce in the first part different conceptions of the structure Det + N1N2 in contemporary Portuguese. In addition to the work ofPortuguese linguists we also take into consideration works ofFrench and Czech experts. In the...
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