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Word problems with different results at primary school
Švihnosová, Kristýna ; Havlíčková, Radka (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of word problems with different results, to which is not given systematic attention in the specialized literature. The focus of the work is to observe how pupils and teachers of elementary school work with a word problem with different results. The theoretical part focuses on the typology of word problems, the phases of their solution and solving strategies. Furthermore, the classification of word problems according to the number of results and the typology of word problems with different results is proposed. A significant part consists of the goals with which this type of task can be assigned in the teaching of mathematics and which change depending on the teacher and his approach to teaching. The work also deals with the basic characteristics of teaching styles. The selected qualitative research using the method of observation and questionnaire allows to describe the work of teachers with a word problem with different results and to identify elements of teaching styles, namely transmissive and constructivist approaches, which are reflected in the actions of teachers. An additional method is the analysis of selected textbooks in terms of the presence of word problems with different results, which reveals whether such tasks occur in textbooks and what...
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Choosen roles of photography in school mathematics at of "Group classes" Primary school
Urbánková, Šárka ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
This thesis is pursued to the possibilities of using photography in teaching of mathematics. I have gathered enough information for condition of use photography. In the next step I made an analysis selected mathematics textbooks in terms of using photography according its six roles. Analysis has shown that most often use photos in textbooks is in a motivational role, that does not carry relevant information to solve a excercise. By the test I compared the influence of picture and photography on the correctness of solving excercises by pupils of the 2nd year of primary school. The test showed that a photography had a similar effect as a picture, and also it pointed out the need to looking for the right format, theme and quality of the photo. The next part of the thesis is devoted to the creation of excercises with photography in various roles for pupils of the 2nd year of primary school. Excercises include many different activities from manipulative to creative. Activities with phootgraphs is possible to use in different teaching organizations and can be used in teaching very quickly and easily. An important element is the emphasis on pupils' own creation, space for their representation of phenomena and joint evaluation of created photographs. Excercises can improve pupils' expression levels....
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Choosen roles of photography in school mathematics at second grade of Primary school
Urbánková, Šárka ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
This thesis is pursued to the possibilities of using photography in teaching of mathematics. I have gathered enough information for condition of use photography. In the next step I followed the objectives: to analyze selected mathematics textbooks in terms of using photography according its six roles; documenting the influence of photography in exercises on their answer; creating a task with photographs that would complement the gaps in their use in didactic materials. Analysis has shown that most often use photos in textbooks is in a motivational role, that does not carry relevant information to solve a excercise. The effectiveness of using a photo is verified on several excercises, which showed a higher abundance of right answers and pointed out the need to look for the right format, motive and quality of the photograph. This excercises also confirmed grasping a decimal system by pupils through a money model. The next part of the thesis is devoted to the creation of excercises with photography in various roles, which are less common in educational materials than the motivational role. Excercises include many different activities from manipulative to creative. Activities with phootgraphs is possible to use in different teaching organizations and can be used in teaching very quickly and easily. An...
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Didactics of statistics
Kvaszová, Milena ; Zvára, Karel (advisor) ; Půlpán, Zdeněk (referee) ; Fabian, František (referee)
The thesis Didactics of statistics is devoted to the problem of understanding of the basic concepts of probability theory and statistics. I have conducted a research in which I studied the understanding of the basic statistical concepts such as average, randomness, chance, variability, and sample by college students. I also studied whether the students are able to work with statistical data, whether they can read values from a chart, identify, and interpret their arithmetic mean. I interpreted the data obtained from the research using the model of the French psychologist Jean Piaget, according to which it is possible to distinguish three stages in the development of a theory, which Piaget named INTRA, INTER and TRANS. My research indicates that students' ideas about the basic statistical concepts are often very different from the ideas of the teacher. There is also interference between the scientific concepts and the similarly sounding terms of the everyday language. It is important that the teacher is aware of these differences and explains them using appropriate examples.
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