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Folklore Movement as a Bridge between Folk Music and Other Worlds
Kratochvíl, Matěj
Folklore movement in the second half of the 20th century played several roles. It was a tool of propaganda but at the same time a means to preserving tradition or original art form. One of its roles, however, remains somewhat aside the main focus. As the original forms of folk music and dances were disappearing, the revival of them through performance by folk ensembles became the main, and often the only way of bringing the traditions to wider public. This was contributed to by interconnection of folk movement with mass media and recording industry. Through these channels the folk music reached musicians of various genres, who were thus introduced to the sound of folk music from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Based on their impressions, some of these musicians then decided to include the folk components in their own compositions. The result is a number of projects and recordings, where folk elements are mixed with jazz, rock, ballads or electronic music. The paper attempts to present possible answers to the question to what extent the folklore movement, as an institutionalised form of reviving traditional culture, influenced acceptance of this culture in other areas of music. The research, which forms the base of this contribution, analyses recordings and presents interviews of musicians from varied areas and of different generations.
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Historical Configurations of Czech Bagpipes Bands in the Production of Conterporary Folklore Ensembles
Vejvoda, Zdeněk
Chamber instrument configurations of bagpipes, a violin and a clarinet in various variations are in the Czech regions documented latest from the 19th century. Exclusive position is taken by a so-called small country music band, trio of (short) violin, bagpipes tuned to e-flat and e-flat clarinet, the score of which was recorded by Ludvik Kuba in the region of Chodsko in the 1890s. The contribution comments on sustainability of these historical configurations in modern musical work, changes in their function and new utilisation of the compositions and arrangements for various bagpipes bands in repertoire as well as on stage productions of folk groups and bands from Southwest Bohemia. A dominant position in the environment of folkloristic movement - also thanks to a long-standing media performance of Konrady Bagpipes Music Band from the town of Domazlice - is held by a configuration of big bagpipes band with a double bass and contra violin. More often that earlier, however, we hear on the recordings and see at concerts and festivals a duo of bagpipes - violin, or the above mentioned ‘country’ trio. A novelty originating from the environment of folklore groups is a genre of virtuoso compositions for solo bagpipes, or even for two or three bagpipes. An interesting outcome of the current research is acknowledgement of the above standard knowledge most creative personalities of the modern bands show as far as historical sources of Czech bagpipes music are concerned, which is a promise of a quality presentation of the cultural heritage and sustainability of their artistic and popularisation activities.
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“Play What I Sing”: Economical Potential of the Bearers of Folk Music Tradition in the Cultural Memory of the Czech Lands
Uhlíková, Lucie ; Pavlicová, M.
The economic conditions of folk musicians or their remuneration have been mentioned rather inconsistently in sources and literature of the Czech lands. The participation of musicians in ceremonies, traditions and customs of the calendar, or family occasions was one of their natural activities in rural communities. There are relatively frequent references to paying for a song (which involved leading the singing) and playing according to a demonstrated song, which was widespread in the context of folk dances. Musicians played not only for money, but also for food, drink, or special benefits in kind. For itinerant musicians and singers, musical performances were a major source of their livelihood. Many outstanding rural musicians also earned a living by teaching various instruments. From the end of the 19th century, folk musicians and dancers found more occasions to present themselves to the public, which increased an interest in the financial issue of their production. With the coming of brass music bands and other novelty groups, older traditional rural music groups lost not only their cultural capital, but their economic capital as well. Gradually, however, the emerging folklore movement strengthened the position of folk musicians, including their financial rewards. The question of the remuneration of folk musicians has resonated in cultural memory, thus adding to the unbiased image of traditional folk culture.
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The Value of Folk Song
Toncrová, Marta
The author examines the value of folk song in the context of the development of views of folk songs in the history of the Czech lands. Because the oldest evidence of Czech secular folk song has been documented in the form of various Church prohibitions, it is obvious that the Church perceived the value of folk songs differently from that of common people. The opinions of the members of the educated social strata gradually became visible in the period of the Enlightenment and in the 19th century, nevertheless, because of their highly estheticized and moralizing approach, they judged numerous folk songs very negatively. With the development of the Czech national movement, which started in the 1820s, we can observe a close attitude towards folk songs from professional musicians, collectors, and composers, which was reflected not only in music creation, but in literature and fine arts as well. At the turn of the 20th century, because of the gradual establishment of folkloristics (ethnography) as a science, there appeared a distinctive change of view on the whole sphere of musical folklore. Systematic field research allows us to understand the attitude of folk singers to their songs, as well as the rather strict differentiation of songs according to their functions and “values”: distinguishing old and new songs, valuable and less valuable, female and male, ceremonial or work-related, as well as dance songs, songs worth recording by a collector, and songs that were performed on special occasions only.
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“Play What I Sing”: Economic Potential of the Bearers of Music Tradition in the Cultural Memory of the Czech Lands
Uhlíková, Lucie ; Pavlicová, M.
The economic conditions of folk musicians or their remuneration have been mentioned rather inconsistently in sources and literature of the Czech lands. The participation of musicians in ceremonies, traditions and customs of the calendar, or family occasions was one of their natural activities in rural communities. There are relatively frequent references to paying for a song (which involved leading the singing) and playing according to a demonstrated song, which was widespread in the context of folk dances. Musicians played not only for money, but also for food, drink, or special benefits in kind. For itinerant musicians and singers, musical performances were a major source of their livelihood. Many outstanding rural musicians also earned a living by teaching various instruments. From the end of the 19th century, folk musicians and dancers found more occasions to present themselves to the public, which increased an interest in the financial issue of their production. With the coming of brass music bands and other novelty groups, older traditional rural music groups lost not only their cultural capital, but their economic capital as well. Gradually, however, the emerging folklore movement strengthened the position of folk musicians, including their financial rewards. The question of the remuneration of folk musicians has resonated in cultural memory, thus adding to the unbiased image of traditional folk culture.
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European Forests. Our Cultural Heritage
Johann, E. ; Kusmin, J. ; Woitsch, Jiří
Proceedings of the international conference European Forests. Our Cultural Heritage (4-7 December 2018, St. Georgen am Längsee, Austria), brings both thematically and theoretically diverse mix of studies, which connects thinking about European forests as an important and hitherto neglected sphere of cultural resp. biocultural heritage.
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Folklore Revival Movements in Europe post 1950. Shifting Contexts and Perspectives.
Stavělová, Daniela
This collection of papers emerges from a symposium on the folklore revival movement of the second half of the twentieth century which was held in Prague in October 2017. As the current findings of ongoing research in this volume demonstrate, across Europe, the performance and investigation of folklore revival movements, especially music and dance, is of vital interest and relevance to understanding their manifestation in the second half of the twentieth century. This present collection opens the door to further critical examination of the power of such cultural practices, their political salience, whether at national, institutional or individual levels, and their deep-seated impact on people who have encountered and evaluated folk revivalism in their lives.
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