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Application of DSSAT model to simulated thermophilic crops in central and southern Europe
Potop, V. ; Mateescu, C.D. ; Türkott, L. ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Boroneant, C. ; Constantinescu, F. ; Iamandei, M.
This study presents applications of DSSAT version 4.5 software package to simulate thermophilic crops. The results are used to identified adaptation options to reduce impacts of climate changes, pest and diseases in thermophilic crops in the central and southeastern Europe, specifically in Elbe River lowland and Romania. For the Czech Republic, experimental research at farm level includes: (1) testing thermophilic assortment of vegetables in Elbe lowland conditions; (2) monitoring the meteorological data, phenological phases, soil characteristics, leaf area and the amount of aboveground biomass on farmer vegetable fields. For Romania, the focus is put on crop water use efficiency under current and future climate scenarios for thermophilic species (maize) in different agricultural sites from south and south-eastern regions. CERES Maize and CROPGRO-vegetables modules embedded in DSSAT were used.
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The thermal regime of ice pits of the Borec hill
Türkott, L. ; Martinčíková, Eva ; Potop, V.
The ecological stability of the sites with stenoec organisms is important factor for maintaining them at given location. Phonolite system of the Borec hill creates a unique labyrinth of vents. Thermal anomalies occur during the year in the fissure system and create specific microclimate. Flow direction is given by the temperature gradient inside and outside of the system. The lower part of fissure system is located in the debris fields, while the upper part on top of the hill. Phonolite rocks are cooled down by air streaming from the debris fields during the winter. Direction of the air flow changes in the spring and summer. The cold air is exhaled from these vents on the lower parts of system and creates ice pits with the typical vegetation.
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The History of Fruit Trees Growing in the Climatic Conditions of the Czech Republic
Feierová, Martina ; Türkott, Luboš (advisor) ; Hiřmanová, Dita (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes the history of cultivation the most widespread fruit trees on the territory of the Czech republic. Also are here mentioned some of the less frequently grown fruit trees. Contains and describes the oldest historical perionds, the development of fruit growing in terms of different social systems from the recent past to the present. The thesis is focused on the possibility of growing the trees with respect to climate and soil conditions in the Czech rebpulic. Describes the zoning of climatic and soil conditions and regional disparity for growing individual species and varieties of trees, witch are cultivating in our territory. It is also focused on growing the varieties in the present time, decribes the marginally growed varieties of fruit trees or extinct trees. The thesis partly mentions the diseases and pests of fruit trees, which are in our conditions the most frequently occured. In conclusion of the bachelor thesis is mentioned the brief insight into the direction of our fruit cultivation in the future, given the potentional adverse climatic scenarios.
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The influence of the temperature on the phenology of tomato
Kolaříková, Dagmar ; Türkott, Luboš (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This dissertation discusses the impact of temperature on the phenology of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum). The aim of this work is to offer a complete overview of tomato growing in temperate zone conditions, describe the phenology of the plant, and define the physiological demands regarding temperature in each phase of the plants growth. Then, use this information during field experiment and analyse the dynamics of initiation of each phenological phase in relation to temperature. Tomato plant is a fruit vegetable, even though in some countries, it is classified rather as a fruit. It is a thermophilic perennial plant which due to its specific temperature requirements is grown as annual plant in temperate regions. Many varieties are classified as so-called F1 hybrids, in which the hybrid effect is profitable particularly due to earlier and higher yields and better resistance to diseases. Phenology studies the rate of plant growth in each development stage (so-called phenological phases) in relation to weather and climate. The development of tomato plant goes through the following phenological phases: germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, inflorescence emergence, flowering, development of fruit, ripening of fruit (seed), and senescence; and these phases each have specific temperature requirements.
The experiment itself was undertaken at two field locations: in Prague 6 Suchdol and in Mochov. The plants used in the experiment were LSL hybrid varieties of Palava F1 tomato and Thomas F1 tomato, which were treated in a standard way throughout all stages of vegetation. During the vegetation period, their growth characteristics such as specific phases of growth and their representation in the planted area were determined. The amount of dry biomass and the leaf area index (LAI) of selected specimens were examined. The results were analysed and put into graphs and tables.
After analysis of all acquired data, it was confirmed that tomato plant has specific environmental requirements in each phase of growth. These requirements then also vary depending on the plant variety. In general, it can be said that from all climatic factors, tomato is most sensitive to air temperature. Air temperature outside the planted area was higher than air temperature within the planted area. In the case of both varieties, phases of growth stagnated especially when temperature changed dramatically, reaching over the tropical 30°C or decreasing significantly. At the course of vegetation, the LAI value grew but during the heatwave and subsequent temperature drop, the leaf area was damaged and the LAI decreased at both locations. Each variety reacted differently depending on its adaptability to higher temperatures.
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