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The effect of Bisphenol S on porcine oocyte meiotic maturation
Kosařová, Zuzana ; Petr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kaňka, Jiří (referee)
Meiotické zrání je klíčovou fází vývoje samičích gamet. Do regulace procesu zrání mohou negativně zasahovat látky, které vstupují do organismu z vnějšího prostředí a následně narušují homeostázu na úrovni hormonálního řízení. Tyto látky se označují jako endokrinní disruptory (ED). Mezi nejrozšířenější ED patří bisfenoly. Po prokázání ED aktivity a právních regulacích využití bisfenolu A značně stoupla světová produkce bisfenolu S (BPS). Recentní studie potvrzují negativní vliv BPS přítomného v organismu na reprodukci lidí a zvířat. Přesto zůstává řada dopadů BPS na oogenezi stále nejasná. Tato práce je zaměřena na hodnocení vlivu BPS na vybrané markery rozpadu jaderné membrány v průběhu rozpadu zárodečného váčku (lamin A/C, lamin B1 a LEMD3) a na přeskupování chromatinu po výstupu prasečích oocytů z I. meiotického bloku. Výsledky prokazují negativní vliv BPS na průběh meiotického zrání zrychlením či zpomalením dějů, které souvisejí s rozpadem jaderné membrány a na nutnost se tímto tématem dále zabývat. Klíčová slova endokrinní disruptor, bisfenol S, meiotické zrání, rozpad jaderné membrány, oocyt
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Effect of pergafast 201 on selected markers of in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes.
Procházková, Bára ; Petr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Benc, Michal (referee)
Pergafast 201 (N-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)-N'-(3-p-toluenesulfonyloxyphenyl)urea) is a patented color developer that is offered as an alternative to the widely used bisphenols A and S (BPA, BPS). These substances have been shown to have a negative effect on human health and reproduction even in very low doses, and they are endocrine disruptors affecting, among other things, the process of meiotic maturation. The effects of pergafast 201 on the mammalian organism during oogenesis have not yet been monitored. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of pergafast 201 on selected specific markers of meiotic maturation after exposure of porcine oocytes to pergafast 201 in low concentrations in vitro. This work is the first to describe the negative effects of pergafast 201 on the maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro, confirming the negative effect of pergafast on the course of meiotic maturation and on the ability of the oocyte to reach the final stage of maturation, as well as its effect on the increased incidence of abnormal dividing spindles. The data show the effect of PF201 on the methylation of epigenetic markers H3K4me2 and H3K9me3. Preliminary results also indicate its effect on the mRNA expression of estrogen receptors α and β. Collectively, these results indicate the possible risks...
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Analýza ukazatelů výkrmnosti jatečných prasat a jejich zatřídění do SEUROP systému
FRANCOVÁ, Magdaléna
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the production parameters at the particular pig farm. In 2020, the average initial weight at fattening was 29.1 kg and pigs were fattened up to an average final weight of 108.5 kg. The average daily gain was 886 g with feed conversion ratio of 2.86 kg and the mortality rate of 2.62%. In 2021, the average initial weight in fattening was 28.8 kg and the average final weight reached 112.0 kg. The average daily gain was 896 g, feed conversion was 2.86 kg and the mortality rate was 2.22%. In 2020, the average carcass weight was 86.0 kg and the lean meat content was 57.5%. In 2021, the average carcass weight was 88.7 kg and the lean meat content was 58.5%. In 2020, most carcasses were classified in class E (62.0% resp. 42.7%), the second most numerous class was class U (22.8% resp. 24.6%), followed by class S (12.4% resp. 29.4%) at the slaughterhouse I resp. II. The results in 2021 were similar. 65.3% resp. 60,8% of carcasses were included in class E, 18.4% resp. 10.7% in class U and 14.0% resp. 27.3% in class S at the slaughterhouse I resp. II.
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Chov a vývoj plemene prasat české bílé ušlechtilé
JÁRKOVÁ, Eliška
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to analyse the development of performance traits of the breed Czech Large White in the period from the year 2008 to the year 2020. In nucleus farms the number of sows decreased from 1664 to 1174 (by 29,4%). Certain numbers increased, specifically the number of all born piglets increased to 14,9 piglets (by 2 pcs), the number of live-born piglets increased to 13,5 piglets (by 1,3 pcs) and the number of weaned piglets increased to 12,1 piglets (by 1,2 pcs). The litter weight at 21th day increased to 70,0 kg (by 6,4 kg) and the farrowing interval decreased to 150,0 days (by 10,5 days). The average daily gain from birth of young boars increased to 754 g (by 108 g) and the average daily gain from birth of gilts increased to 664 g (by 21 g). The average daily gain in the field test of young boars improved to 1229 g (by 216 g) and the average daily gain in the field test of gilts increased to 1059 g (by 67 g). The average backfat thickness of young boars was reduced to 5,6 mm (by 1,7mm) and the average backfat thickness of gilts decreased to 6,1mm (by 0,6 mm).
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Chov prasat plemene Česká landrase v České republice
BOUŠKOVÁ, Šárka
The aim of this work was to describe, in the form of a literature search, the breeding standard, development, condition, performance of pigs of the Czech lanrase breed in the Czech Republic. from 2000 to the present to create a clear graphic arrangement describing the development of the breed.
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Vyhodnocení ukazatelů výkrmnosti v chovu prasat
ROHÁČEK, Daniel
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate fattening parameters and carcass value of pigs at a particular agriculture company. Parameters of fattening were monitored in terms of farms, i.e., farm N (84 fattening cycles) and farm M (93 fattening cycles) and in terms of year, i.e., the years 2018-2020. The initial live weight of pigs in the farm N was 24.8 kg, in the farm M was 23.0 kg (p < 0.05). The final live weight in the farm N was 115.2 kg. However, in the farm M the final live weight was higher, namely 117.3 kg (p < 0.05). The average daily gain in the farm N was 979 g, but in the farm M was 10 g lower. Feed mixture consumption per 1 kg of weight gain was almost identical in both farms. In the farm N the feed consumption was 2.34 kg and in the farm M was 2.33 kg. Feed mixture consumption per day in the farm N was 2.29 kg, in the farm M was 2.25 kg (p < 0.05). The mortality in the farm N was 1.57%. However, mortality in the farm M was higher, namely 1.99% (p < 0.05). Total of 2 498 carcasses from the farm N and 2 771 carcasses from the farm M were used for evaluation of the carcass value. Subsequently, the average carcass weight in the farm N was determined at 88.5 kg with 58,1% proportion of lean meat. The average carcass weight in the farm M was 93.2 kg with 57,7% proportion of lean meat (p < 0.05). Most of the carcasses from both farms were ranked in the grading class E (farm N - 71.0%, farm M - 71.7%). 17,7% of carcasses from the farm N and 14.2% carcasses from the farm M were classified in class S. Finally, most of the carcasses from the farm N were classified in the weight category 80-89.9 kg and in the case of the farm M the most carcasses were classified in the weight category 90-99.9 kg.
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Štítná žláza prasat
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Petra
Thyroid gland is very important endocrine organ that interferes with a number of processes in the body. Sufficient iodine saturation of animals is essential for optimal production of thyroid hormones. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to determine iodine supply of slaughter pigs and morphometric parameters of thyroid glands in selected individuals. The study included 27 castrated hybrids of Czech landrace and Pietrain. Iodine content in urine was determined using the Sandell - Kolthoff spectrophotometric method. Thyroid parameters were determined microscopically: length, width, outer and inner area of the follicles and thyrocyte height. The representation of individual size categories of follicles was also determined. The average content of urinary iodine in the observed group was 350.8+-184.3 ug/l, the maximum was 608 ug/l and the minimum was 76 ug/l. Optimally saturated with iodine was 44.44 % of individuals, 11.11 % had a deficiency and 44.44 % an excess of iodine. The average length of the thyroid follicle was 149.3+-64.8 um, width 105.9+-50.6 um, outer area 16810.6+-18030.0 um2, inner area 14318.4+-16985.2 um2 and thyrocyte height 6.2+-2.6 um. In the thyroid glands was 9.4 % small, 62.8 % medium and 27.8 % large follicles. In the selected group of individuals, the impact of different iodine saturation of animals on all monitored thyroid parameters was demonstrated.
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The role of microRNAs in regulation of mammalian oocyte and embryo development
Marcollová, Kateřina ; Procházka, Radek (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
Cumulus-oocyte complex (COCs) is crucial for mammalian reproduction. Cumulus cells not only nurture the oocyte; they also represent important communicational nodes for mediating information towards and from the oocyte. The non-coding miRNAs can modulate posttranscriptional events they might serve as a useful biomarker for evaluating cell conditions. Based on the COCs staining with vital Lissamine Green B stain we divided cumulus cells into high- and low-quality ones. Furthermore, we implemented division based on the maturation stage, the GV and MII. Sequencing data analysis showed that DE miRNAs from qualitatively different stages donot significantly vary. Nonetheless, significantly DE miRNAs were detected between two developmentally different stages. We identified e.g. ssc-miR-183, ssc-miR-182, and ssc-miR-21-5p to be highly downregulated when comparing GV to MII stage. Among the highly expressed miRNAs from all samples were members of let-7 family (let-7c, let-7a, let- 7f-5p), ssc-miR-16, ssc-miR-21-5p, and ssc-miR-125a. Targeted genes by the DE miRNAs were involved in ErbB, TGF-β, MAPK, FoxO, gap junction and cGMP signalling pathways. We conclude that single miRNAs in cumulus cells probably cannot be used as a reliable oocyte quality marker. On the other hand,changes in the miRNA expression in...
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Effect of on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes
Laštůvková, Viktorie ; Petr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Benc, Michal (referee)
Lysmeral (Lilial, Butylphenyl Methylpropional) is a synthetically produced aldehyde. It is used for its typical lily of the valley-like scent as a perfume ingredient in cosmetic products. It is typically found, for example, in cleaning products. It is on the list of the 26 most well-known synthetic allergens and has been shown to be present in human urine and subsequently in wastewater. According to some opinions, lysmeral should be classified as an endocrine disruptor, which are substances that can interfere with the body's endocrine system. As these substances often affect mammalian reproduction, it is in society's interest to address them, given that they are commonly found in the environment. Lysmeral was not properly tested before being placed on the market and all its effects on organisms are still unknown. The hypothesis of this thesis is that exposure to lysmeral causes undesirable changes in the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro and the aim is to investigate the effect of lysmeral, at concentrations corresponding to normal human exposures, on specific markers of meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. The results confirm the negative effect of lysmeral on the smooth progression of meiotic maturation and the achievement of the final stage of porcine oocyte maturation in vitro....
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Isolation and study of proteins with zona pellucida binding activity
Zigo, Michal ; Postlerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee) ; Antalíková, Jana (referee)
Binding of sperm to the oocyte is mediated by complementary molecules on the surface of both gametes and involves the interaction of sperm protein receptors with the zona pellucida (ZP) saccharide structures. It has been shown that many proteins receptors are involved in the sperm-ZP interaction, and potential primary sperm receptors for ZP glycoproteins have been investigated in various mammals. The majority of proteins with identified sperm-ZP binding activity belong to the plasma membrane proteins. However, the exact methods for isolation of sperm membrane proteins are still to be standardized. This study is focused on investigating how employment of various isolation protocols leads to acquisition of various protein mixtures. Further in the work, two possible approaches towards identification of potential ZP-binding partners are implemented, in order to disclose novel primary ZP-binding receptor candidates. Sperm proteins of ejaculated and in vitro capacitated boar sperms were isolated by: Triton X-100, Triton X-114, acetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), N-octyl-β-D- glucopyranoside (OBG), rehydration buffer (RHB), and finally by freezing-thawing extraction and they were characterized by 1-D, 2-D protein profiles, glycoprotein staining and substrate zymographic methods. The results have...
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