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Screening of carriage of group B (GBS) Streptococcus in pregnant women
ŽIŽKOVÁ, Johana
In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis, I first focus on the topic of genitourinary infections. I also mention infections that occur in men, then I deal mainly with infections of the genitourinary tract of a woman. I also mention sexually transmitted diseases. Then I go straight to the topic of my bachelor thesis, where I deal with Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria and its screening. The practical part is devoted to the adoption of methods that are used to determine the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae. The whole practical part was carried out in the microbiological laboratory SYNLAB s.r.o. in České Budějovice. The methods of common cultivation were used, cultivation that took place after multiplication of the pathogen in Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics. If Streptococcus agalactiae was detected during cultivation, another test had to be carried out to ensure that this is indeed the pathogen. MALDI-TOF MS is the most frequent determinant, but latex agglutination, CAMP test or API 20 STREP biochemical test can also be used. During the research, 100 samples were processed, which were subjected to normal cultivation and then cultivation according to the recommended procedure, where the swab is incubated in the Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics for 24 hours. Of the 100 samples, the positivity was shown to us after the first cultivation in 14 cases, after multiplication in the broth, another 5 were revealed. From the obtained data and data from the last 3 years provided by the laboratory, I compiled statistics, which I further compared with nationwide data. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to get acquainted with the issue of genitourinary infections and the possibilities of their laboratory diagnosis. I performed the examination of a group of patients by bacteriological cultivation of vaginal swabs and further cultivation after multiplication in the Todd Hewitt Broth + Antibiotics. Subsequently, I compared the results of these two methods and compared the results of the laboratory with the frequency of positive findings with the nationwide data.
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Occurrence of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women
VETCHÁ, Sára
Streptococcus agalactiae is a human opportunistic commensal pathogen. The natural reservoir of this bacteria is the vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and nasopharynx. It induces a disease only in the compromised hosts, to whom it can cause a life-threatening infection. In the female body, Streptococcus agalactiae usually spreads from the gastrointestinal tract to the vaginal and birth canal area. The birth canal is where transmission and the resulting infection of a newborn can happen during delivery. The goal of the theoretical part was to introduce a matter of the disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and the possibilities of its laboratory diagnosis. This thesis presents information about Streptococcus agalactiae and its cultivation and diagnosis used for obtaining evidence about its presence, leading to antibiotics sensitivity determination. Streptococcus agalactiae is a bacteria from the group of streptococcus, hence the bacterial (prokaryotic) cell composition is described, and general information about the group of streptococcus is included. The main goal of the practical part was to carry out the screening and cultivation examination of the vaginal swab of pregnant women. In case of a positive result, to observe a different antibiotic resistance followed by processing the positive findings of laboratory samples. The laboratory allowed me to process 80 samples from women 35-37 weeks pregnant. I did a screening and cultivation examination and then I confirmed or denied the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae in the sample using a latex agglutination or CAMP test. Out of 80 samples, 19 pregnant women were Streptococcus agalactiae positive, presenting 23,75 % of the total. I used a disc diffusion test method to prove an antibiotics sensitivity for positive samples. The results of this bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information.
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Processing of upper respiratory tract specimens
VANÍČKOVÁ, Nikola
This bachelor thesis focuses on the processing of upper respiratory tract specimen, primarily on the cultivation of throat swabs. The theoretical part introduces the anatomy and physiological flora of upper respiratory tract and the individual bacteria that can, under specific circumstances such as the body being weakened by virus infection, cause illness. It details diseases that can affect the respiratory system such as tonsillitis, which is the focus of the practical part. The culture media used to isolate microbes from throat swabs are also concisely described. The practical part is solely focused on the cultivation of throat swabs on blood agar. Group A, C and G streptococci, which cause acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis, were considered pathogens. The streptococci groups were determined by latex agglutination test. The data provided by the Department of Clinical Microbiology of Nemocnice Písek, a.s., were processed and compiled into statistics comparing the occurrence of individual streptococci in the samples. Furthermore, the occurrence of pathogens over the year and within different age categories was compared. The data provided were from the span of twelve months (from the 1st April 2018 to the 31st March 2019). The aim of this thesis was to introduce the upper respiratory tract diseases, primarily the streptococcal infection of the tonsils and pharynx. Furthermore, the aim was to get accustomed to laboratory methods used in the examination of throat swabs and the subsequent compilation of statistics from obtained data.
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Evaluation of development of various strains of Beauveria bassiana in different environmental conditions
ŠEBEK, Jaroslav
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is a polyphagous species of fungus that attacks more than 700 species of hosts. This species of fungus is one of the most researched and most common representatives of entomopathogenic fungi. Many of bioproducts based on conidia or blastospores of B. bassiana are registered around the world. These bioproducts are used in biological control against various pests of field crops, fast-growing vegetables and ornamental flowers and in forest stands against certain pest species. The bachelor thesis focuses on the basic "in vitro" parameters of selected strains of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana from different geographical areas. The work focuses on the effect of temperature on the germination of strains of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana. Furthermore, the growth and development of B. bassiana strains (radial growth) were compared. And the last part is focused on the comparison of spore production of strains of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana on standard nutrient medium and natural substrate.
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Potential and limits of cultivation of brackish and freshwater populations of tubular morphotypes of Ulva (Ulvophyceae) in food industry or biotechnologies
Kantnerová, Veronika ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Hejduková, Eva (referee)
The green macroalgae from genus Ulva are commonly used in biotechnology as a source of biomass for the production of biofuels or in bioremediation, but mostly for processing in food industry in Asia and other coastal regions. Within Europe, these algae belong to the so-called "approved novel food", however the species which are mainly used have the leaf-like morphology and they are usually imported, so the usage of local European resources is relatively very low. However the tubular morphotypes of the genus Ulva (originally included in the genus Enteromorpha) might probably be an equally promising source of biomass for the use in food industry and other sectors. They show high resistence to wide range of abiotic conditions and they occur not only in marine localities, but also in brackish or even freshwater ecosystems. Considering this, they seem to be a promising source for processing in Central Europe as well. In this study were isolated and cultivated two populations of the genus Ulva typical for the tubular morphotypes. One was from brackish locality in the Baltic sea (Ulva flexuosa) and one from freshwater locality in Czech Republic (Ulva pilifera). The aim was to evaluate their cultivation potential for their potential use in food industry. Their growth rates were observed during the...
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Production of carotenoids and other metabolites by yeast using selected food wastes.
Chujanov, Oleg ; Šimanský, Samuel (referee) ; Szotkowski, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of yeast cultivation with the usage of waste sub-strates from the food industry on a laboratory level. Carotenogenic yeasts are microorganisms capable of processing food waste substrates and use them as a source of organic nutrients for growth. This thesis consists of a practical as well as theoretical part. The experimental section focuses on the description of different strains of yeasts, metabolites and types of waste sub-strates. The two main substrates chosen for this research were chicken fat and chicken fe-athers. The yeast types used in this thesis were Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodosporidium toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), Spo-ridiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 20-9-7), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-25) and Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20). These strains reported high production values of the metabolites researched in this thesis. The strains Rho-dosporidium toruloides (CCY 62-2-4) and Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) were chosen for the production of metabolites from waste substrates, for those reported the most promising results.
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Methods and technologies for carbon dioxide capture in industrial plants
Rek, David ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Sukačová, Kateřina (advisor)
The rising level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has negative effects on life on our planet. Humanity is now dealing with the issue through multinational organizations which attempt to motivate the current industry to develop innovative solutions to increase the energy-efficiency while lowering the amount of produced emissions. The most affected are energy-intensive sectors of the industry, such as the ceramics industry. This diploma thesis is based on a thorough research conducted on scientific literature, mainly scientific articles. The theoretical part is to familiarize one with the issue of rising levels of carbon dioxide. Next, methods to capture, store and use the gas are presented. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on one such method – microalgal bioreactors. The practical past weighs the usability of microalgal bioreactors for the purpose of carbon dioxide emissions capture in a production company LASSELSBERGER, s.r.o. belonging to the ceramic industry. Tubular bioreactor with a volume of 2000 m3 would process 3,75 % of CO2 produced by the core production machine – spray drier, during this process 367,92 tons of microalgal biomass would be produced annually.
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