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Communication about radiation risks in civil protection from the perspective of ethics
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Žaneta
The present thesis examines the ethical perspective of communicating radiation risks in civil protection. The objective was to determine to what extent and how ethical principles are considered in communicating radiation risks in civil protection. The theoretical part of the thesis apply information to ionising radiation, radiation risks, and the principles and means of radiation protection. It also describes the communication and ethical principles and practices in communication and radiation protection are described therein. The scope of this part of the thesis includes the protection of the population in emergencies. The practical part of the thesis focuses on public awareness of radiation risks and whether ethical principles are used in communicating them. A quantitative research method, namely a questionnaire survey involving 142 respondents, was used to analyse the goals and objectives of the practical part of the thesis. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to residents living near a nuclear facility or in the emergency plan zone of a nuclear power plant. The research results are presented as graphs. The evaluation of the questionnaire results has revealed that the level of public awareness of radiation risks is acceptable. The results also indicate that ethical principles are applied in the communication process. However, some of the respondents found the questions on ethics difficult, possibly due to their lack of knowledge in this area. Nevertheless, they were helpful for the research.
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Ethics Horizons at a Gymnazium
FEJTOVÁ, Blanka
The thesis deals with the state of interpersonal relationships, students' relations to humanities and science and ethical values in grammar school. The theoretical part deals with the principles of upbringing and education at grammar school and the definition of the concepts of ethical values. The practical part includes a system of evaluation of the interpretations of students' interviews with regard to the quality of interpersonal relationships and level of teaching, students' attitudes and relationships to the school subjects taught and ethical values. The quality of interpersonal relationships appears to be at a very good level in connection with the size of the gymnasium of around 400 students. The level of teaching meets the expectations of the students and the requirements for admission to universities and thus legitimises the existence of a generally focused grammar school. The students accept with slight resentment the disbalance in favour of science while subjects of humanities are neglected, and they show the practice of basic ethical values.
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Sentience as criterion of moral status
Milko, Michal ; Černý, David (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee) ; Gluchman, Vasil (referee)
Abstract. This dissertation suggests that sentience represents a plausible criterion of moral status. Sentient beings capable of having pleasant or unpleasant experiences have an inherent interest in not suffering by virtue of this capacity, and humans as moral actors commonly assume that it is wrong to inflict pain without a good reason. The first part of the dissertation aims to uphold the following three theses: 1) Biological life represents a too broad criterion of moral status; 2) Rationality (reason, language, moral autonomy, ability to reciprocate) represents a too narrow criterion of moral status; 3) Sentience constitutes a plausible criterion of moral status. The text presents the ethical theories of Albert Schweitzer, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant and Peter Carruthers. It unfolds the argument from marginal cases and the critique of speciesism. It focuses on basic concepts of consciousness, the issue of subjective character of consciousness, and the problem of other minds. It also reviews the existing scientific evidence of sentience in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, cephalopods, and arthropods. The second part of the dissertation aims to present and evaluate normative theories that address the criterion of sentience. At the same time, it aims to defend the thesis that contractualism,...
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Ethical approach to hospitalized patients during a pandemic
Ryšavá, Kateřina ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
Úvod Hospitalizovaným pacientům se ve zdravotnických zařízeních věnují odborníci z řad zdravotnického personálu současně zástupci sociálního sektoru. Náplně jejich činností jsou odlišné. Nicméně je spojuje to nejdůležitější. Všichni se intenzívně podílejí na uzdravení pacienta, zmírnění projevů jeho nemoci, zlepšení kvality života pacienta nebo se snaží napomoci umírajícímu k důstojnému odchodu ze života, pokud možno bez bolestných útrap. Veškeré jejich konání nese požadavek etického přístupu k pacientovi. Nedávno svět zasáhla pandemie nemoci covid -19. Mezi impulsy vedoucími k sepsání této práce bylo zamyšlení nad etickým přístupem k pacientovi v pandemickém období vycházející i z osobní zkušenosti se zdravotnickou a sociální péčí o hospitalizovaného pacienta. Cílem této práce je odpovědět na otázku, zda je zapotřebí podrobit etické přístupy těchto profesí k pacientům dalšímu zkoumání ve světle dopadů pandemického období, zda je třeba v těchto přístupech zohledňovat nastalou specifickou situaci.
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Ethical aspects of personalized content in selected online media
Dorňáková, Tereza ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Lokšík, Martin (referee)
The thesis is focused on personalized content recommendation in Czech online news media and the ethical issues related to its implementation. The subject of the qualitative analysis are semi- structured interviews with representatives of two Czech media houses. The research sample includes respondents from Seznam Zprávy and Seznam, and from E15 and Czech News Center. The interviewees included representatives of newsrooms as well as media and product management. The aim of the study was to find out to what extent they use personalised content recommendation tools, to outline the reasons why they have decided to take this step or are considering it. It turned out that within the studied online news media they are still using personalised content recommendation to a minimum, or they are testing or planning to introduce these tools to a greater extent. Personalised recommendation tools are more widely used on the homepage of Seznam. The subject of this thesis was also to identify ethical issues related to the introduction or use of personalised recommendation. The main areas, according to the respondents' statements, include issues of setting selection parameters, the ability to retain agenda setting by editors, automation and transparency.
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Love in Kierkegaard
Puchmertlová, Natálie ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze Kierkegaard`s understanding of the Christian concept of love, which he considers to be a cornerstone of relating to the Other, to the Self and to God. It should show the uniqueness and urgency of this concept. The primary source used as reference is Kierkegaard`s Works of Love. In the first part of this thesis a distinction between preferential romantic love and Christian unconditional love is made, where their individual moments are analyzed. First the role of self-love is scrutinized and categorized into the forms it may manifest as. Further love of neighbor is presented as a duty; then the subject and the object of matter are defined. The second half of this thesis focuses on specific acts of Christian love and finally on problematic possibility and neediness of the coexistence of both Christian and preferential love. Key words preferential love, neighborly love, love as a duty, selflove, neighbor
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Communication with elderly people with dementia in nursing care
Novotná, Michaela ; Kutnohorská, Jana (advisor) ; Vachková, Eva (referee)
Institution: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Department of Non-Medical Studies Title: Communication with elderly people with dementia in nursing care Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jana Kutnohorská, CSc. Number of pages: 107 Number of appendices: 15 Year of defense: 2023 Keywords: Communication, elderly, dementia, ethics, dignity, nursing staff, nursing care, burnout syndrome Bachelor thesis focuses on the communication of nursing staff with elderly people with dementia in nursing care. It deals with communication with respect to human dignity, and also looks at the prevention of burnout syndrome. The basis of the bachelor's thesis is a quantitative research on the way of communication of nursing staff with elderly people with dementia syndrome and methods of staff's respite from work. The personnel studied are direct nursing care workers in hospitals and homes for the elderly in a total of 11 facilities (4 hospitals and 7 homes for the elderly) in the Hradec Králové region.
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Ethics of virtues in the profession of paramedic
BRUS, Adam
This bachelor's thesis on the topic of "Ethics of Virtues in the Profession of Paramedic" contains two main parts: theoretical and practical. In this thesis, we focus on virtue ethics, which emphasizes the moral character of the acting individual, and deals with what the character of the person who performs an action should be. The theoretical part explains to the readers the individual concepts, through which they are subsequently able to gain insight into the given issue. This involves defining the so-called theoretical framework. Firstly, ethics as such is explained, what we can imagine under it, and what it deals with. This is followed by various types of ethical theories, through which the readers will get to virtue ethics itself. Then the concept of virtue itself is explained, which is crucial for the readers. Furthermore, there is a mention of Medical Ethics, Bioethics, and Helping Professions. Another topic discussed is the personality of the paramedic. The objectives of this bachelor's thesis were as follows. The first objective was to determine the importance of virtue ethics in the profession of the paramedic. The second objective was to describe which virtues are important in the profession of the paramedic. The final objective was to map the moral awareness of the paramedics in the context of virtue ethics. The practical part contains information that was obtained through semi-structured interviews with ten paramedics. The research was conducted based on a qualitative strategy. The obtained data was processed, analysed and subsequently divided into five categories for a better overview. This bachelor's thesis had three research questions. The first question aimed to determine the level of awareness of the paramedics regarding virtue ethics. From the research, it was found out that the majority of the paramedics were unable to explain the concept of virtue ethics. Their responses were either non-existent or incomplete. The second question examined which virtues the paramedics considered important for performing their profession. With the exception of ZZ 5, all participants were able to list and describe specific virtues that are important in their profession. The last question focused on identifying factors that influence the virtues of the paramedics. The paramedics responded to factors influencing their stated virtues negatively at first and subsequently positively. We didn't receive an answer to the question 'what kind of person should we be,' but we believe that we have successfully achieved the objectives we have set and that the readers can gain insight into the issue at hand and understand the essence and importance of virtues in the profession of a paramedic. The thesis helps to evaluate the significance of virtue ethics in the profession of a paramedic. The thesis will be used in the theoretical preparation of future paramedics in the subject of Ethics in Prehospital Emergency Care. This thesis may inspire all paramedics to think about the ethical dimension of their profession.
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Moral profile of a social worker as a prerequisite for the quality of social work
KRESLOVÁ, Michaela
The master thesis examines the moral profile of a social worker in the course of working with Roma clients in Strakonice. Fundamental terms related to the focus of the work including morality, prerequisites for performing work in helping professions, comparison of value orientation of the majority society and the Roma population, as well as the specifics of social work with this target group are defined. Furthermore, the meaning of ethics in the life of the majority society and the Roma ethnic group is identified. The main goal, the reflection of the moral profile of a social worker as an indespensable condition for the quality of social work in conjuction with the description of possible confrontation of values, is achieved with literature review and summarization of findings revealed by the individual research. Semi-structured interviews with six social workers were implemented to assemble data. The interviews took place in three workplaces in Strakonice.
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