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Population biology and evolutionary genetics of southern right whale (Eubalaena australis)
Nevečeřalová, Petra ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Galov, Ana (referee) ; Robovský, Jan (referee)
Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) is a species from the Balaenidae family with a range in the southern hemisphere, which evolved in connection with Neogene climate oscillations. Its population biology involves migration between coastal waters of South America, southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand to its high-latitude foraging and feeding grounds in the Southern Ocean. Intensive historical hunting from the 18th to 19th century has impacted the population dynamics of baleen whales substantially. After the whaling moratorium, the species has been recovering from the heavy exploitation, however, recently it is facing anthropogenic changes, such as climate change. The South African population, considered to be the largest one globally and intensively studied for the last several decades, is showing an increase in the calving interval, a decline in female condition and a dramatic shift in migration routes since 2010, possibly as a consequence of significant changes in marine food webs. Methods of molecular ecology were applied to monitor the population genetics and its dynamics not only in the context of the global population but also to compare different time periods - 1990s and 2010s. The majority of the samples were collected noninvasively in cooperation with commercial whale-watching...
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The effects of ageing on working age populations that developed and developing countries face: study case of Czech republic and the United Mexican States
Aldama Gonzalez, Hector Santiago
Ageing has always been part of human life; for the first time in history elderly people will soon become the largest group in most societies around the world. This research focuses on highlighting the challenges that developed and developing countries face with the aging of the population. The theoretical part is directed to the understanding of the aging of the population as well as its implication among developed and developing countries. The practical part focuses on a comparison of the aging of the population in the Czech Republic and the United Mexican States through an analysis of quantitative data over the performance of the labor force and general population of Czechia and Mexico with indicators obtained from government institutions specialized in the compilation of population censuses of the last 20 years. The emphasis of this work is to focus on understanding the effects that aging has over society. Unless mechanism such as the creation of new public policies, a positive net migration balance and stable fertility rates are taken to solve the effects of the ageing of the population, the aging of the population will reduce the working age population in the Czech Republic and in the United Mexican States.
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Sociodemografická analýza Uzbekistánu
Abdukakhkhorova, Dilafruz
The diploma thesis deals with the socio-demographic analysis of Uzbekistan in the years 1991-2021. This work follows the development of indicators related to the number of inhabitants, mortality, birth rate and fertility, marriage, divorce rate and migration. The aim of the work is to identify problems associated with labor migration and propose possible solutions based on socio-demographic analysis. The development of individual indicators is evaluated with regard to the main causes and the overall development of Uzbekistan. A cluster analysis was used for a multi-criteria view of the selected indicators, which enabled a continuous view of the monitored country through the given indicators. The conclusion of the work consists of a summary of the most important findings and a proposal of recommendations that could improve the situation in the monitored country.
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Population in the light of List´s of subjects estate of Libějovice 1668-1780
PISTULKA, Petr
Master´s Thesis, University of South Bohemia, Teachers´ College, Institute of Historical Science, České Budějovice, 74 pages including hooked illustration and text annex. This Master´s Thesis documents and elaborates Lists of subjects in Libějovice estate from 1668 to 1750 as a source usefull for demographic research. The analysis was based on the List of subjects stored in SOA Třeboň, and historically and topographically specialized literature and periodicals. This Thesis is divided into four main parts. The introduction briefly describes the topic and the main objective of this Thesis. The first chapter briefly describes history and progress of contemporary demographic research. The second part describes specification and evolution of sources. It also includes a brief history of administration of Libějovice estate. The fourth chapter is the demographic research itself, which especially analyses information from individual years and then summarizes received data. In the last part there is a list of applied sources and literature, including the photodocumentation of original source.
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Phylogeography of Rousettus aegyptiacus in the Mediterranean region
Dundarova, Cheliana ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Janko, Karel (referee)
The genus Rousettus has distributional pattern unique among fruitbats comprising both Asia and Africa and reaching northern distributional limits of the family in Persia, Arabia and Mediterranean basin. This could be ascribed to the ability of echolocation, consequent cave dwelling, and presumably other site-specific adaptations, which enabled dispersal independent of forest block and surviving in Mediterranean type of climate. Using fastly evolving mitochondrial marker, we aimed to assess genetic variability, its geographic distribution and demography of northern populations of the Egyptian fruitbat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Mitochondrial network indicates deep genetic divergence between disjunct Mediterranean and eastern African parts of the range. Basal position of Sinaic and Jordanian haplotypes within northern clade indicate important role of these regions in colonization of eastern Mediterranean. Generally, the northern haplogroup is moderately diversified with partial geographic localization of particular haplotypes. Significant isolation by distance pattern suggests relatively pronounced site fidelity of particular colonies, at least in terms of maternal gene flow. Landscape genetics analyses indicate discontinuities in distribution of mitochondrial genetic variability, in some cases correlating with...
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Integration of Migrants into the Czech Society
Pokorný, Martin ; Havlík, Radomír (advisor) ; Kubišová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of my diploma work is to study the subject of integration of foreigners into the Czech society. For that purpose I intend to use research questionnaires and to compare my results with results of other researches conducted by NGOs. Secondary aim is to map legal status of foreigners in the Czech Republic, historical reasons for migration and its development, and the composition of migrating population in Europe. Furthermore, I will focus on access to health and social insurance and to the health care system as well as on education and work opportunities which foreigners have in the Czech Republic.
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Housing Stock Analysis in the Regions of the Czech Republic
Bendžíková, Iva ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Klinger, Tomáš (referee)
Housing capacity forms an important part of life of every society, and therefore it is important and interesting to examine this phenomenon more closely. The most comprehensive amount of data on this phenomenon provides Population and Housing Census conducted regularly by the Czech Statistical Office. The main objective of this work, using these and many other available sources, that are not only from the Czech Statistical Office, is a detailed analysis of the housing and residential capacity of the Czech Republic, that enable a global view on the issue. First, I focused on financing of the housing needs as a key factor for further development of the housing capacity. Then I looked at individual parameters, which characterized apartments and houses and circumstances that affect their appearance. Subsequently I examined the factors that influence the number of dwellings completed using real quarterly data from the Czech environment from the period 2000-2015. Regression analysis demonstrated the expected effect of variables such as average gross monthly wages and gross domestic product. But surprisingly, net migration and natural increase of population became a significant variable, which confirmed the influence of socioeconomic factors in the development and expansion of the housing capacity.
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Demographic Approach in Measuring Human Capital of Kazakhstan
Narkulov, Murat ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Münich, Daniel (referee) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
Demographic approach in measuring human capital of Kazakhstan Abstract This work is intended to provide reader with information about the value of human capital stock in Kazakhstan using well-known so-called education-based and lifetime labor income-based approaches. Author tries to research the reproduction model of human capital in conjunction with institutional factors in transition, such as socio-demographic, political and economic changes, historical development and the current level of human capital in KazakhstanThe main goal of this study is determination of main components of human capital development in Kazakhstan, especially from demographic viewpoint through the evaluations of modern reproduction of human capital in Kazakhstan. The results of estimations indicate that the human capital stock has significantly increased in Kazakhstan during the period studied (from 2003 to 2008) and that it surpass the value of physical capital in the country. The potential of human capital augmentation has been estimated as favorable for upcoming years in Kazakhstan. Key words: human capital, population quality, Kazakhstan, demography, working age-population, education.
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