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Nursing care for HIV positive client at Czech Republic and in Namibia.
FINTOVÁ, Eliška
Current status HIV Virus - Human Immune Deficiency Virus (which means a virus that causes a loss of immunity in humans) is the cause of AIDS disease, an abbreviation of the English name Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, which expresses the nature of the disease. This disease was first recognized in the US in 1981. Currently, there are no medications able to remove the virus from the body. The HIV virus is most often transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood and breast milk. The treatment of HIV-positive patients has its specific characteristics that minimize the risk of transmission of infection to healthcare workers. The objective and Research Questions The object of this bachelor thesis was to find out how nurses take care about HIV positive patients in Czech Republic and how nurses take care of these patients in Namibia. The following research questions have been identified for these objectives. What is the difference between a HIV-positive patient at a specialized workplace and in normal departments? How do nurses progress on urgent incomes while treating an HIV-positive patinet? How nurses follow barrier nursing care when touching an HIV positive patient? How do they treat HIV-positive patient at the České Budějovice Hospital? How do they treat HIV-positive patient in Namibia? Methods The research part of this bachelor thesis was elaborated by the method of qualitative research. The data collection was performed by a deep-structured interview technique. The interview was attended by ten nurses, five from Czech Republic and five from Namibia. Results Research has shown that nurses in Namibia, where HIV and AIDS are far more widespread, but also in the Czech Republic, have very good theoretical and practical skills. The main difference is that Namibian nurses have much more experience with HIV-positive patients. Some departments have a registry of HIV-positive clients, which, for example, is missing in the hospital in České Budějovice. Namibian nurses' answers show that they would not panic in case of contact with infected biological material. On the otherside, some Czech nurses admit that in that case they could panic. However, Czech and Namibian nurses have demonstrated the same, high level of knowledge and ability in interview
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Quantification of Basic and Special Nursing Performance on Standard Units of the Children's Department
SOROKANETS, Viktorie
Abstract Quantification of General and Special Nursing Procedures at Standard Units of Paediatric Departments The present thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the history of paediatrics, training and competencies of paediatric nurses, contemporary paediatric care and the range of provided services. There is a separate part describing general and special nursing care. Due to a limited scope of the bachelor's thesis, attention was paid to principal activities of paediatric nurses. Within the first part of the research survey two objectives and five hypotheses were established. The work aimed to inventory general and special nursing care at standard units of paediatric departments. The following hypotheses were set: H1: The most frequent general nursing procedure is patient personal hygiene care. H2: The most frequent special nursing procedure in the "Medication Administration" category is the oral (per os) administration of medication. H3: The most frequent special nursing procedure in the "Monitoring" category is the monitoring of body temperature. H4: The most frequent special nursing procedure in the category of "Special and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures" is biological sampling. H5: The most frequent special nursing procedure in the category of "Other Patient Related Activities" is the reception of a patient. The research survey was carried out as a quantitative survey. The research sample consisted of 49 nurses of standard paediatric departments at five selected hospitals, namely the hospitals in České Budějovice (Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s.), Prachatice (Nemocnice Prachatice, a. s.), Strakonice (Nemocnice Strakonice, a. s.), Písek (Nemocnice Písek, a. s.) and Český Krumlov (Nemocnice Český Krumlov, a. s.). The second part of the survey focused on assessing the selected nursing procedures. General nursing procedures included meal preparation, feeding and diapering a baby. Special nursing care included oral (per os) and rectal (per rectum) medication administration, also intravenous injection, infusion and its monitoring, assisting in examinations, blood and faeces sampling, taking part in the round and patient handover. Each procedure was measured ten times and the result was counted up and divided by their number in order to obtain the average value. The hypotheses were tested by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test where the mean rank value was set. On the basis of the test the set hypotheses were either confirmed or disconfirmed. In the area of general nursing care where three categories were compared, the highest value (463.68) was obtained for the nutrition care. The first hypothesis was therefore not confirmed. In the area of special nursing care, the "Medication Administration" category, the highest value (403.07) was obtained for medication preparation and oral administration. Again, the hypothesis was not confirmed. The hypothesis in the "Monitoring" category was confirmed since the highest value (539) was obtained for body temperature monitoring. Following, there are "Special and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures" where the hypothesis was not confirmed as well since the most frequent procedure is the preparation of a child for an examination (662.21). Based on the arithmetic mean calculation in the last category of "Other Patient Related Activities" where the highest value (8.09) was obtained for filling out nursing diagnoses, the hypothesis was not confirmed as well. The results of the observation part served for creating a draft of a software application aimed at calculation of the nursing load in a monitored number of patients. This application is ready for further development.
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