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Phenology of selected species of waders (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae: Calidrinae) passage across the Czech Republic, analysis based on faunistical records.
JANŮ, Kateřina
Bird migration is controlled by several different factors which primarily influ-ence its timing (phenology). The phenology of this phenomenon varies depending not only on species, but also gender or age of individuals. At present, there is a considerable potential for its research in using faunistic observations from databases open to the public. This data is suitable for research of various phenological phe-nomena due to the long-term data collection as well as the quantity of the output. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the timing of migration of selected spe-cies of birds of the Arenaria and Calidris genera across the territory of the Czech Republic, to compare it with other similar studies and to evaluate the possibilities of using faunistic databases available in the Czech Republic for this type of study. During the spring migration, the species with the earliest passage across the Czech Republic is Calidris pugnax (the passage peaks between 11th and 20th April), whereas the species with the latest peak of the spring migration is C. falcinellus (around 20th May). The species with the earliest determined peak of a passage dur-ing the autumn migration was C. teminckii (between 11th and 20th August), the spe-cies passing through Czech territory the latest being C. alba (between 11th and 20th September). Among the most frequently migrating species are C. alpina and C. pugnax, whereas the species with the lowest number of passing individuals (apart from rare species) are C. canutus and C. falcinellus. The results recorded about the timing of migration by individual species point to similarities with other studies of this phenomenon, however differences were found, regarding some of the species. In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of faunistic records, which means further possibilities for their evaluation in the future. This thesis could, among other things, serve as a basis for a better understanding of the phenological patterns of migration of not only these bird species. Observing pheno-logical phenomena helps us understand both the relationships between individual organisms as well as the relationships between organisms and the environment and their mutual influence.
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Influence of external conditions on egg incubation in lapwings (genus Vanellus) in temperate and subtropical climate
Pešková, Lucie ; Šálek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
During incubation, most birds require the presence of at least one parent to ensure suitable incubation conditions for embryo development. The main factors that affect the development of the embryo are temperature, humidity and egg turning. In this work, incubation conditions were investigated in two biparental Lapwing species (genus Vanellus), the Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), which faces the risk of egg cooling in temperate areas, and the Red-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus), which faces the risk of egg overheating in the subtropics. A laboratory experiment testing the thermal properties of the Red-wattled Lapwing nest lining showed that it selects lining material that slows down temperature growth during egg heating, thus ensuring suitable thermal conditions during parental absence at high ambient temperatures. Temperature and egg turning during incubation were recorded by an artificial egg with a built-in sensors placed in the nests of both target species; data collected by the sensors were stored by a base-station located nearby. The average egg temperature was 32.5 řC for the Northern Lapwing, and 35.0 řC for the Red-wattled Lapwing. Egg temperature in both species fluctuated significantly, affected by many factors. Egg temperature increased with increasing ambient temperature, it...
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Surviving of Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) chicks in agriculture landscape
Kubelka, Vojtěch ; Šálek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cepák, Jaroslav (referee)
The variability of egg-size within a bird species reflects different reproductive investments and, besides the intrinsic constraints and particular female quality, it can be affected by environmental factors, too. Moreover, the egg-size predetermines the chick performance. The knowledge of factors influencing precocial chick survival is crucial for better understanding of life-history strategies as well as for endangered species conservation. The Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) represents a suitable model species for investigation of climate variables effects on egg-size and also to study factors influencing chick survival. Eggs in a total of 714 nests were measured during 13 breeding seasons over period 1988-2014 in South Bohemia and 293 lapwing chicks from 100 broods in 37 localities were monitored in 2013-2014. The mean egg-size through the whole season is positively affected by March precipitation, March clutches also negatively by minus temperatures in March. The higher intensity of rainfall there is during March, the bigger eggs are laid in March and the steeper is slope of decline in mean egg-size during season. This decline is more profound with lower rainfall in April. The effect of habitat is not significant. The body mass and condition of hatchlings is positively correlated with the...
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Influence of external conditions on egg incubation in lapwings (genus Vanellus) in temperate and subtropical climate
Pešková, Lucie ; Šálek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
During incubation, most birds require the presence of at least one parent to ensure suitable incubation conditions for embryo development. The main factors that affect the development of the embryo are temperature, humidity and egg turning. In this work, incubation conditions were investigated in two biparental Lapwing species (genus Vanellus), the Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), which faces the risk of egg cooling in temperate areas, and the Red-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus), which faces the risk of egg overheating in the subtropics. A laboratory experiment testing the thermal properties of the Red-wattled Lapwing nest lining showed that it selects lining material that slows down temperature growth during egg heating, thus ensuring suitable thermal conditions during parental absence at high ambient temperatures. Temperature and egg turning during incubation were recorded by an artificial egg with a built-in sensors placed in the nests of both target species; data collected by the sensors were stored by a base-station located nearby. The average egg temperature was 32.5 řC for the Northern Lapwing, and 35.0 řC for the Red-wattled Lapwing. Egg temperature in both species fluctuated significantly, affected by many factors. Egg temperature increased with increasing ambient temperature, it...
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Surviving of Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) chicks in agriculture landscape
Kubelka, Vojtěch ; Šálek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cepák, Jaroslav (referee)
The variability of egg-size within a bird species reflects different reproductive investments and, besides the intrinsic constraints and particular female quality, it can be affected by environmental factors, too. Moreover, the egg-size predetermines the chick performance. The knowledge of factors influencing precocial chick survival is crucial for better understanding of life-history strategies as well as for endangered species conservation. The Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) represents a suitable model species for investigation of climate variables effects on egg-size and also to study factors influencing chick survival. Eggs in a total of 714 nests were measured during 13 breeding seasons over period 1988-2014 in South Bohemia and 293 lapwing chicks from 100 broods in 37 localities were monitored in 2013-2014. The mean egg-size through the whole season is positively affected by March precipitation, March clutches also negatively by minus temperatures in March. The higher intensity of rainfall there is during March, the bigger eggs are laid in March and the steeper is slope of decline in mean egg-size during season. This decline is more profound with lower rainfall in April. The effect of habitat is not significant. The body mass and condition of hatchlings is positively correlated with the...
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