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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on protein content of gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Hamříková, Dominika ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis protein content of gliadin fractions in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) var. Bohemia was studied. The crop was cultivated in conditions with ambient (AC) and elevated (EC; 700 mol•mol-1) carbon dioxide concentration. Moreover, half of the samples was fertilized with nitrogen in an amount of 200 kg•ha-1. Other observed environmental factors were drought and UV radiation. The gliadin proteins were separated by A PAGE method and quantified by computer densitometry. Generally the protein content within , and gliadin fractions varied, while the protein content of gliadins remained unchanged or almost unchanged. Clearly the nitrogen fertilization had the most pronounced impact on the gliadin protein content and it significantly increased the protein content in wheat grain. Most subfractions reacted in conditions of AC, drought and without UV radiation and in conditions of EC with natural rainfall and UV radiation. The interaction of nitrogen fertilization with UV radiation (AC, drought) was significant and so was the interaction of nitrogen fertilization excluding UV radiation (EC, drought). The interaction of nitrogen fertilization and natural rainfall significantly increased the protein content in conditions of AC without UV radiation and in conditions of EC with UV radiation. EC alone and the interaction of EC with other factors had only a small impact. The impact was the most pronounced in interaction with nitrogen fertilization. EC with nitrogen fertilization (drought without UV radiation) increased the gliadin protein content and EC excluding nitrogen fertilization (drought and natural rainfall with UV radiation) decreased the protein content.
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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on protein content of gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Šimíčková, Adéla ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study the impact of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen fertilization and UV radiation on the content of gliadin fractions in winter wheat. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) var. Bohemia was cultivated in conditions with ambient and elevated (700 mol mol-1) CO2 concentrations. Nitrogen nutrition (200 kg N ha-1) was added to half of the samples, while the another half of samples remained unfertilized. Plants were grown in greenhouses both with shielded UV-B radiation and with normal UV radiation. Environment with natural rainfall was the same for all of these variants. Gliadins were extracted by 2-chlorethanol, separated by A-PAGE method and subsequently quantified by computer densitometry. Significant increase of gliadin proteins was noticed in conditions of nitrogen fertilization in natural UV radiation, both in elevated and ambient CO2 concentrations, whereas in an eliminated UV-B radiation significant effect of nitrogen was not observed. Therefore UV radiation influenced in combination with nitrogenous nutrition as stimulative factor. However, statistically significant impact of evelated CO2 concentration on gliadin content was not proved.
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Optimalizace termínu setí ozimé pšenice
Petříček, Rudolf
The bachelor's thesis deals with the optimization of the sowing date of winter wheat in the agricultural enterprise Agrodružstvo Blížkovice. The work contains basic information about the cultivation of winter wheat and its requirements for temperature, soil, inclusion in the sowing process, and describes the agricultural techniques in the establishment of stands. The practical part deals with the comparison of the real date of sowing with the date set by the program for the calculation of the optimal date of establishment of winter wheat stands on land according to the prevailing values of rated soil ecological units. This comparison was made in three years (2018, 2019 and 2020), on areas of 1472-1864 ha. The deadlines for the end of winter wheat vegetation and the basic sowing dates for the four growth phases (BBCH 27, 25. 23, 14) before the onset of winter, which are part of the calculation algorithms of the program used, were verified. It has been found that the growth phase of BBCH 25 before the onset of winter, which is usually recommended as a suitable strategy for optimizing wheat growing technology, can be achieved under given conditions when sowing in the third decade of September. The sowing of these areas of winter wheat was spread over six weeks, beginning in the first decade of September and ending in the second decade of October. Area seeding performances were influenced by the course of the weather in individual years, by the pre-crops of the winter warbler and by the availability of mechanization means.
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Vliv způsobu hospodaření na stabilitu struktury půdy
Káňa, Dominik
The results of selected variants of long-term small-plot field trials with spring barley and winter wheat in Žabčice (maize production area) and Ivanovice na Hané (sugar beet production area) in 2018-2021 are evaluated in terms of soil aggregate stability (SAS), grain yield, cost-effectiveness and economic efficiency using analysis of variance. In a spring barley monoculture grown since 1970 in Žabčice, straw harvested and ploughing in combination with increasing rates of ammonium sulphate nitrogen were evaluated. Variants with ploughed straw achieved on average by 0.51 t/ha higher yield compared to variants with harvested straw. As the nitrogen rate increased, SAS values increased in leaps for harvested straw and gradually for ploughed straw. For both straw treatments, the most economically efficient variants were those with a N rate of 60 kg/ha for malting and 30 kg/ha for feed quality grain. In Žabčice and Ivanovice na Hané, direct sowing, soil loosening and ploughing were evaluated for the establishment of winter wheat after alfalfa, and spring barley after sugar beet. These tillage methods were manifested to different degrees at the two sites. In Žabčice, comparable or high grain yields were achieved for both crops by direct drilling. In Ivanovice na Hané, grain yields were comparable for all variants, except for the significantly higher yield of direct sowing of spring barley after sugar beet. Higher SAS values were found for all evaluated variants in Žabčice. When winter wheat was grown after alfalfa, the differences between tillage variants were small. When growing spring barley after sugar beet, SAS values increased gradually with tillage intensity at both locations. Direct drilling of both crops and at both locations was estimated to be the most economically efficient. From the results obtained, a direct relationship between the stability of soil aggregates and grain yield could not be inferred. Although SAS is considered to be an important indicator of soil quality and fertility, it should always be evaluated in relation to other soil properties and management practices. The effects of processes affected by cultivation measures on SAS should therefore be assessed in a comprehensive manner, taking into account all available information.
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Vyhodnocení efektivnosti aplikace dusíku v minerálních hnojivech při pěstování ozimé pšenice
Ovchinnikova, Tatiana
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen application in mineral fertilizers in winter wheat cultivation. The results of an international competition on crop management practices of this crop conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz, Ltd. in the years 2014-2018 were processed. A total of 279 variants of crop management practices were compared in small plot field experiments (2014-46, 2015-51, 2016-56, 2017-64, 2018-62). The indicators chosen for evaluation were the total nitrogen dose (kg/ha), grain yield (t/ha) and crude protein content in the grain (%). Grain yields were significantly influenced by the weather conditions in each year. In all years, with decreasing total nitrogen dose, the variability of grain yield gradually increased. A significant increase in grain yield variability was observed for total nitrogen doses lower than 140-150 kg/ha N. Nevertheless, some variants of crop management with low nitrogen doses achieved yields comparable to variants with a total nitrogen dose higher by 50-60 kg/ha N. These economically beneficial results were achieved by optimizing all cultivation measures during the crop management in accordance with the properties of the cultivated variety and the course of the weather. A reduction of nitrogen consumption by 50 kg/ha, reduces the risk of nitrate contamination of the environment and also represents a saving of CZK 2,714/ha, at the average price of nitrogen of CZK 54.3/kg in commonly used mineral fertilizers in 2022. The change in nitrogen doses also affected the content of crude protein in the grain. In all years, a negative relationship was found between the yield and crude protein content in the grain. With an increase in grain yield by one tonne per hectare, the crude protein content in the grain decreased by 0.12-0.35%, and on average by 0.24%.
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Vyhodnocení odrůd ozimé pšenice z hlediska nákladů potřebných na jejich ochranu pesticidy
Ovchinnikova, Tatiana
This bachelor thesis is focused on comparing selected varieties of winter wheat based on efficiency of their pesticide’s treatment cost in the Czech Republic. 13 varieties were chosen from the List of recommended varieties (SDO) between years 2015 and 2019. Data for calculations were provided by the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (ÚKZUZ). Conclusion was focused mostly on comparison of yield ability of varieties in treated and untreated variants of testing in small plot field experiments and an increase in the contribution to the payment (increase in the CP = difference between increase in sales and increase in variable costs) in response to the intensification on the treated variant. The highest CP was achieved by varieties Elly and Bohemia, which showed lower resistance against illnesses, which is why they reacted well to intensification by pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. On the other hand, profitable varieties with higher resistance against illnesses (Gordian and Dagmar), did not show increase in the CP on the treated variant, however they reached above average sales (Kč/ha) in all testing areas. Varieties of this kind van be used in so-called ecological agriculture, allowing high level of production and yield to be maintained while reducing the amount of used agrochemicals.
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Evaluation of effect of selected physiologically active substances on grain yield and its structure in model winter wheat cultivar
MACHOVÁ, Klára
The main topic of this bachelor thesis is the evaluation of effect of selected physiologically active substances on grain yield and its structure in model cultivar of winter wheat. For this purpose it was founded a one-year small-land experiment on the land of the experimental station Lukavec, in september 2016. For this experiment, have been selected a physiologically active substances, with components of humic substances character. The experimental variants contained, separately and in combination, the commercial product ENERGEN FULHUM PLUS and the physiologically active substance named Lignofen. For this experiment, it was selected the winter wheat variety Pannonia. The influence of these applications was evaluated in parameters of actual yield and yield components creation, which is - number of ears, number of grains per ear, and weight of a thousand grains. Further, was evaluated the influence of these applications on grain quality parameters, which is - amount of N-substances, Zeleny sedimentaition velue, falling number, amount of gluten, Gluten index and volume weight.
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