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Analysis of selected physiological parameters of athletes during exercise
Ambrožová, Monika ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
Regular sport activity is considered as neccessary part of our lifes. Sport is reccomended for preventing various diseases, enhancing immunity system or for controlling weight and for enhancing conditions. However, how severaly is sport activity benefit for human health and when it becomes harmful for it? This work deals with possible negative effects of strenous excercise on human organism. In our case it is ultra-maraton and mountbiking. In following parts of this work it is tried to explaine metabolic changes and influance of strenous excercise on immunological and biochemical parametres. The parameters immunoglobulin A, M, leukocytes, creatinine, sodium and potassium ions and enzymes such as lactatedehydrogenase, creatinekinase and alanineaminotransferase were studied. The values of these parameters were obtained from the blood samples taken before and after the race. A 23 samples from a 24-hour cycling race and 24 run-of-the-run race samples per 100 km were examined. A matlab tool was created for statistical analysis of data. A huge increase in the number of leukocytes was found in both types of races. In the MTB, it is an increase from 5.75 ± 1.29 x 109 / l to 11.80 ± 3.08 x 109 / l, in the race from 4.99 ± 1.84 x 109 / l to 13, 20 ± 5.36 x 109 / l. IgA did not significantly decrease, on the contrary slightly increased. IgM values have not changed significantly in runners. Cyclists experienced a statistically significant reduction in the original amount of 60.23 ± 6.54 mg / dl to 52.60 ± 10.43 mg / dl. There were statistically significant changes in CK and LDH levels in the race. From the original CK values of 4.25 ± 2.74 kat / l, the activity of the enzyme increased by 50.09 ± 60.08 kat / l due to the race. LDH is not significantly different in the cycling race as well as in the ALT enzyme. In this case, there was no statistically significant change to either type of race. Concentration of potassium and sodium ions decreased significantly. In potassium, its concentration dropped from 5.61 ± 0.59 mmol / l to 4.57 ± 0.39 mmol / l. Sodium ions dropped from 138.22 ± 1.17 mmol / l to 137.00 ± 1, 75 mmol / l.
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Detection of blood elements
Kadlček, Václav ; Kolář, Radim (referee) ; Lamoš, Martin (advisor)
Thesis deals with the detection and subsequent blood elements classification. Blood elements are described mainly in terms of optical features, that is used for digital image processing. Furthermore, available pre-processing theory, image analysis and methods of classifikation are discussed. Acquired knowledges are applied in MATLAB. Image Processing Toolbox is a pillar for that work within this programming environment. The program includes user interface, thus facilitating communication with the program. The program was tested on blood smear images and the results were evaluated.
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Methods of Bloodcells Counting
Pavlík, Jan ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Hrubeš, Jan (advisor)
At present, the standardization of morphological examination of cytological preparations appears to be very difficult. Digitization and development of computer technology makes it possible to find a suitable solution for the effective processing of cytological samples. Company Cellavision, in collaboration with leading morphologist, developed a device Cellavision DM96, which uses image capture of blood cells for their morphological diagnosis and subsequent archiving. It is of great importance to focus on this system and examine its use in clinical practice. The results obtained by two different methods were statistically processed and evaluated.
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Analysis of cytology images
Pavlík, Jan ; Blaha, Milan (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
This master’s thesis is focused on automating the process of differential leukocyte count in peripherial blood using image processing. It deals with the design of the processing of digital images - from scanning and image preprocessing, segmentation nucleus and cytoplasm, feature selection and classifier, including testing on a set of images that were scanned in the context of this work. This work introduces used segmentation methods and classification procedures which separate nucleus and the cytoplasm of leukocytes. A statistical analysis is performed on the basis of these structures. Following adequate statistical parameters, a set of features has been chosen. This data then go through a classification process realized by three artificial neural networks. Overall were classified 5 types of leukocytes: neutropfiles, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophiles and basophiles. The sensitivity and specificity of the classification made for 4 out of 5 leukocyte types (neutropfiles, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophiles) is higher than 90 %. Sensitivity of classiffication basophiles was evaluated at 75 % and specificity at 67 %. The total ability of classification has been tested on 111 leukocytes and was approximately 91% successful. All algorithms were created in the MATLAB program.
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Verification of practical possibilities of strengthening the immune system in men
BOHÁČOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis focuses on the immune systém, its function and the factors that influence it. The theoretical part defines the concept of the immune systém and its functioning. Firstly, it presents the biological perspective, including a description of its basic cells, primary organs and division. The thesis then addresses important factors that have a significant impact on its function. These factors are divided into positively influencing and negatively influencing factors with each chapter discussing their effects onhuman health in case of excess or deficiency. The practical part aims to apply the knowledge in practice, specifically through immune training designesd by Dr. Hermann Geesing. The immune training is conducted with eight men over a period of five months. The participants subjectively evaluate the results of their training based on predetermined questions. The output is presented through tables and graphs along with an interview. The evaluation includes the participantts mental and physical state at the beginning and end of the immune training, along with a description of activities that were either easy or difficult for the participants to accomplish.
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Vliv plemenné příslušnosti na hodnoty hematologických parametrů u kapra obecného
NÁDASKÝ, Alexandr
The aim of this thesis was to describe the effect of breed affiliation on the values of haematological parameters in selected breeds and interbreeds of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and ornamental variety - koi carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus). A total of 5 groups of fish were included in the experiment and 9 individuals were included in each group. Thus, a total of 45 common carp at one year of age. Each group represented one of the breeds or inter-breed hybrids studied. In the framework of this thesis, haematological parameters were determined in individuals of the AS breed, the synthetic line of Hungarian Mirror Carp (HSM) and hybrids of the breeds Ropšinský x Tatajský carp or Amur mirror carp x HSM. The fifth group was koi carp. The fish were reared in aquaria, where optimal and identical physico-chemical water parameters were ensured throughout the rearing period. The RBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC WBC, Lk and differential leukocyte count were determined from the blood samples collected. Based on the determined values and the results of statistical comparison, it is evident that there are statistically significant differences in RBC, PCV, Hb and WBC values between the compared groups. Individuals from the koi and HSM groups (lower values of RBC, PCV and Hb) differed exclusively from individuals from the AS and interbreed hybrids ROP x TAT and HSM x AL groups. On the other hand, the highest WBC value was determined in fish from the HSM group. Within the leukogram, significant differences were found in the percentages of lymphocytes and metamyelocytes, and only lymphocytes showed significant differences in the absolute values of individual white blood cell types. Even though the fish were reared under similar conditions throughout the experiment, it cannot be completely excluded that some secondary effects on some hematological parameters may have been caused by even very subtle changes and factors (difference in physical activity or water flow in the rearing tank, stress caused by the presence of other individuals, etc.).
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Změny hematologických parametrů při jarních úhynech kaprů
NÁDASKÝ, Alexandr
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to describe the effect of carp edema virus disease caused by carp edema virus on selected hematological factors of blood of infected common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Subsequently, the results of infected and uninfected fish were compared with each other. Twenty-eight carp were caught in the spring of 2019 from three different locations on suspicion of carp edema virus. During the autumn, another 30 carp were taken from identical localities. Fish from the autumn period were caught to test the persistence of viral DNA in gill tissue. Blood and gill tissue samples were taken from each tested fish. Total erythrocyte count (RBC), total leukocyte count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), amount of hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and differential white blood cell count were determined from blood samples. The results show that in CEV positive fish there was a statistically significant difference in total erythrocyte count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and amount of hemoglobin (Hb). The values of these parameters increased compared to CEV negative fish. The only significant difference in the differential white blood cell count is an increase in the percentage of neutrophil bands in CEV-positive fish. However, it is important to note that a change in the value of haematological factors may occur not only due to CEVD infection. This is also evidenced by statistically significant difference between carp from the spring or autumn period and from individual localities. For these difference, it can be assumed that their difference was caused by influences such as different water quality, temperature, stocking density, reproductive cycle, toxic substances and pathogenic organisms.
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Comparison of control measurements on different types of analyzers used in ÚKBLD CHLTC of VFN in Prague
Koblasa, Vladimír ; Kvasnička, Jan (advisor) ; Kozák, Tomáš (referee)
Koblasa,Vladimír - Comparison of control measurements on various types of haematology analyzers used by ÚKBLD CHLTC at University Hospital in Prague First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Praha 2, Kateřinská 32 Head of the work: prof. MUDr. Jan Kvasnička, DrSc. Supervisor -consultant: Mgr. Ivana Malíková Blood cell count is essential testing method in hematology, where it is necessary to ensure properquality control. Aim of this study was to compare the results of measurement control materials with defined parameters and the same samples at different haematological analyzers to obtain evidence for the expression of measurement uncertainties. There are used more types of blood analyzers in ÚKBLD CHLTC at University Hospital in Prague, which operate on different principles. For comparsion were selected analyzers using the impedance working principle, where individual blood cell passes between two electrodes controlled by low voltage. Variation of this voltage is recorded and accurately defined for each type of blood cells. It was also chosen analyzer that works with optical detection. Analyzer illuminates the individual blood cell by light beam. A cell that enters into the path of light rays, reduce its optical density incident on the photocell. The change of the light density...
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