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Infekční biologie Chalara fraxinea a faktory ovlivňující fruktifikaci teleomorfy Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus jako zdroje infekce nekrózy jasanu
Rozsypálek, Jiří
The diploma thesis deals with ash dieback caused by pathogenic agent Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. This pathogenic fungus has spread across the whole Europe during the last twenty years and became a serious threat for European ash populations (Fraxinus sp.). This work is mainly focused on H. fraxineus symptomatology in relation to phenology of Fraxinus excelsior L. in situ. Artificial infectious experiments were carried out and several control measures were tested. The methodology of inoculation with ascospores and methodology of evaluation of ash stands infected by H. fraxineus were designed. Outside the terms of assignment of this thesis, the speed of infection spread and mortality rate in stands of different ages were observed. One of the most interesting results is a finding that severe infection causes significant slowdown of phenological phases of F. excelsior. Infectious experiments showed high susceptibility of F. excelsior to the infection. The infection broke out in 83.7% of tested individuals. The susceptibility of F. pensylvanica and F. americana was proved to be considerably lower.
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Fenologie lesních dřevin ve smíšeném porostu na polesí Bílovice nad Svitavou
Dvořák, Vojtěch
The phenological research was inquired into the Sessile Oak (Querus petraea Matt. Liebl.) and European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) on the explorative area of ŠLP ML Křtiny which belongs to the forest district of Bílovice nad Svitavou. These two trees were in the 35 years old mixed stand. On the monitored trees, there were compared the beginnings and the durations of the particular phenological stages in the connection with the weather conditions in the particular year. The temperature fluctuations for the phenological stages were specified by sum of effective air temperatures higher than 5 °C and 0 °C. There were compared the duration of the spring and autumn phenological stages on the Sessile Oak and European Larch. The gained results were compared with the statements of other authors in the Czech Republic and abroad. There were also done the comparison of the beginnings and durations of particular phenological stages of the trees with the datas of the long--standing observation ČHMÚ on the area of the same height above sea level in the Czech Republic.
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Charakteristika biologických znaků, průběhu dormance a fenologie u vybrané skupiny broskvoní
Sýkora, Jaroslav
The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out the termination date of endogenous dormancy of bud flowers within the selected set of apricot varieties and simultaneously keep track of the development of various phases of microsporogenenesis. The last goal was to capture the phenological indicators of flowering and fruit development. The experimental part describes material and methodology tested on the peach varieties at Horticultural Faculty in Lednice in a two-year experiment during 2013-2014. The temperature curve was significantly different in both years. Year 2013 was characterized by gradual and lengthty progression of low temperatures, and by late termination of endogenous dormancy. Year 2014 was entirely unlike the previous one in its rapid progression of above-average temperatures and dynamic emersion of varieties from dormancy. After evaluating the results the varieties were divided into three groups with short, medium and long period preceding the termination of dormancy. The results of the observation of microsporogenesis phases shows that development of each phase is not uniform in all varieties of monitored peaches. The pollen grains development rate is greatly influenced by the temperature curve. Varieties with late termination of dormancy and slow development of microsporogenesis phases are less susceptible to impairment of the flower buds by late spring frosts.
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Evaluation of water use efficiency of short rotation poplar coppice at Bohemian-moravian highlands
Hlaváčová, Marcela
The diploma thesis provides basic characteristics of short rotation coppice plantations, then the most significant short rotation coppice species cultivated in the Czech Republic are described. The detailed description of particular Populus L. clone J-105 grown at the plantation of the Test Station Domanínek Ltd. follows. Afterwards, key determinants of short rotation coppice yield are presented in the text. The last theoretical part of the thesis deals with water use efficiency (WUE) with emphasis on the method used at the experimental plantation in Domanínek. The methods of sap flow measurements and biomass determinations are described for this purpose. The main aim of the practical part of the thesis is to determine WUE of 16 measured trees where sap flow measuring systems were installed. These trees are divided into 3 cohorts according to diameters at breast height (DBH) at the beginning of the growing season 2013. The additional measurements were carried out: phenological imaging, soil moisture measurements, LAI measurements and sapwood area determination. The statistical analysis of WUE did not show any statistically significant differences between values of WUE for individual cohorts. Only in May, the statistically significant difference between cohort 1 (trees with the thickest stems) and cohort 3 (trees with the lowest values of DBH) appeared.
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Komplexní analýza dlouhodobých změn krkonošské tundry: Dynamika současných tundrových ekosystémů Krkonoš v závislosti na environmentálních změnách
Správa KRNAP, Vrchlabí ; Kociánová, Milena ; Vaněk, Jan
Cíl projektu: Popsání vodního režimu půd včetně znečištění těžkými kovy a distribuce radonu, dynamika tundrových ekosystémů v závislosti na změnách prostředí, sledování vývoje vegetačních a klimatických změn v krkonošské tundře v holocénu, rozbor příčin ohrožení populací vybraných krkonošských rostlinných druhů a sledování klíčivosti dominant travních dominant tundrových ekosystémů. Získané poznatky využit pro předvídání ekologických katastrof, navrhování účinných postupů revitalizace krajiny, začlenění území do sítě Natura 2000 a programu ITEX a v neposlední řadě pro rozhodování v činnosti státní správy. Výsledky projektu bude možné v některých parametrech srovnávat s projektem DART (Dynamic response of the forest - tundra, ecotone to environmental change) řešeným ve Skandinávii. Úkoly řešené v roce 2002 v rámci subprojektu 3: Sledování fenologie a některých kvantitativních parametrů vybraných rostlinných druhů v závislosti na změnách mikroklimatu; Studium kompetičních vztahů vybraných travních dominant krkonošské tundry; Srovnávací studie syngeneze smilkových luk svazu Nardo-Caricion rigidae Nordhagen 1936 v Krkonoších a Skandinávii; Studium vývoje reprodukce porostů kleče v různých podmínkách prostředí, studium struktury a vývoje původních populací kleče horské s diversifikovanou prostorovou a věkovou strukturou; Dynamika klečových porostů - parametry prostorového modelu; Multidisciplinární zhodnocení periglaciálních jevů krkonošské tundry; Dynamika vývoje a diversifikace komplexu rašelinišť a návazných ekosystémů.
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