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"And yet the cruel fate hit me?" Widowed Prague bourgeois women in the second half of the 19th century in the reflection of ego-documents
MAREŠOVÁ, Dana
The dissertation presents the fate of widowed bourgeois women living in Prague during the second half of the 19th century on the basis of selected ego-documents and other sources. This thesis first focuses on women's lives before becoming widows and then captures the whole process of becoming a widow from the husband's death to the funeral and the first moments after his death. The thesis also considers the legal aspect of widowhood and the economic aspects connected with it, such as material security, job possibilities for widows, aid requests, widow´s association and accommodation possibilities. Other chapters deal with the everyday life of widowed women, networks of relationships, reflection and self-reflection of widowhood, experiencing of sadness and seeking solace from God. The core of the thesis is concluded by remembering the deceased husband, the last days, death and the "afterlife" of the widows. To complete the dissertation, the thesis is enriched by tables, appendices with depictions of relatives of widows, pictorial part, editorial processing of selected sources of personal nature and index of persons.
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Single Mothers in Emergency Conditions: Český Krumlov Region Public Opinion
MAROUŠKOVÁ, Barbora
This thesis focuses on the public opinion on single mothers in emergency conditions in Český Krumlov region. The theoretical part defines single mother and single parent family. The fact that in many European countries the numbers of single parent families is increasing is stressed out. The theoretical part describes the changes in models of family behavior have been experienced in the last decades and factors which influence them. Also, basic facts on single families in the Czech Republic are presented e.g. female or male single parent family, their age, reasons for single family, social status, numbers and percentage of children born to single parents within last twenty years etc. In addition particular reasons of becoming a single mother are explained e.g. divorce, single parenting, becoming a widow. A phenomenon of domestic violence is closely related to the subject of single mother, therefore it is dealt with here too. The theoretical part conclusion shows principal reasons which cause that single mothers get into emergency conditions. The practical part presents a research which focuses on public opinions on single mothers in emergency conditions in Český Krumlov region. The field research was conducted through the method of a questionnaire. The focus group was public in Český Krumlov region. The aim of the field research was to map public opinions of Český Krumlov region residents on single mothers in emergency conditions. The research showed that single parent (mother) families are considered to be a group with the highest risks to be exposed to low standard of living. At the same time more than 50 % or respondents think that the most obvious reason for single mother to be in a critical life situation are economic troubles and lack of finance. An important fact which contributed to this result is that more than one quarter of respondents thinks that their current economic situation is not easy or even critical. In respect to domestic violence issue, the research showed that more than half of respondents believe that domestic violence against women by their spouses is mainly a results men aggressive behavior. The most frequent answer picked was aggressiveness initiated by the use of alcohol and drugs, than aggressive behavior inborn i.e. genetic predisposition to act aggressively and aggressive conduct like a way how to escape and resolve life situations which may appear to be unsolvable and an aggressor is not able to control her behavior. Public sees domestic violence to be a serious problem which is mainly present in single mother families. The most of respondents believe that domestic violence against mothers and children is the most frequent reason for single mothers to apply for subsidized single parent accommodation. The results also show that more than 60 % of respondents understand what domestic violence is and that very often victims never tell anyone and keep it secret even though they suffer for years. It is assumed that in this respect, public sees the relation between domestic violence and torturing victims in early childhood. More than 60 % of respondents believe that prevailing numbers of women who are victims of domestic violence in their childhood are victims of domestic violence also when they grow up mainly because of their previous experience when low self-confidence and violence become a part of their daily life even though hard bearing.
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