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Intensity of biparental care in Columbiformes and other selected bird taxa: a summary of the main ultimate and proximate mechanisms
Kopejtková, Lucie ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Tomášek, Oldřich (referee)
Order Columbiformes is not very numerous group of birds but their importance for recent science and for people in general in significant. They are one of the most studied group of birds and knowledge we now have of parental care and proximal mechanisms of its onset was obtained from this avian order. The main factors related to the development of intensive parental care, biparental care and cooperation between partners in parental care will first be discussed in individual chapters. The main evolutionary constraints and the main conflicts both between the sexes and parent-offspring conflict, which are closely related to the evolution of parental care, will be mentioned. The specific position of Columbiformes from the point of view of ultimate mechanisms will be mentioned. Further chapters should be devoted to the most important proximate mechanisms influencing parental care in Columbiformes. Keywords: Biparental care, Columbiformes, cooperation in parental care, parental conflict, parent-offspring conflict, prolactin
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Kryptosporidiové infekce volně žijících a zájmově chovaných holubů
ZIKMUNDOVÁ, Veronika
The object of this thesis was an evaluation of occurrence and prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in domestic and wild pigeons (Columbiformes). A total of 603 samples (389 domestic and 214 wild pigeons) from 14 farms and 11 locations were collected during two consecutive years (from 2019 to 2021) in the Czech Republic, Croatia and Slovakia. Samples were examined for infection with species of Cryptosporidium using microscopic (following aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining) and molecular tools. Overall, 0,5 % (3/603) and 2,8 % (17/603) of animals were positive for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and PCR, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the small subunit of the rRNA gene revealed the presence of six Cryptosporidium species, namely C. meleagridis (n = 6), C. parvum (n = 4), C. baileyi (n = 2), C. muris (n = 2), C. ornithophilus (n = 2), C. galli (n = 1). Subtyping of isolates of C. parvum and C. melagridis based on sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene revealed that they belong to the IIa and novel IIIk family, respectively. The isolate of Cryptosporidium meleagridis subtype family IIIk obtained from naturally infected pigeons and used for experiments was infectious for chickens (Gallus gallus f. domesticus) but not for SCID mice. The chickens began to shed oocysts 4 days after infection. The infection was detected in the duodenum, ileum and colon. Cryptosporidium spp. infection has been found frequently in domestic pigeons compared to wild life (2 =14,5919; d.f. = 1, P > 0,001). None of the naturally or experimentally infected birds developed clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis in the present study. Results of this study show that animals bred in hobby breeding and wild pigeons are infected by cryptosporidia and they should represent health risk for humans and domestic animals.
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Analysis of Trade with selected species of Coraciiformes, Musophagiformes, Columbiformes and Piciformes
ZÁHOROVÁ, Lucie
International trade in fauna and flora is curently considered as one of the greatest threats to populations of many wildlife species. According to available information, some species are declining mainly due to persecution by people for meat or for trade. Illegal trade is increasing as well. Its yearly turnover is estimated to be in the order of billions of US dollars. This diploma theses analyzes the international trade with selected bird species under the CITES Convention - Asian hornbills, African turacos, South American tukans and arassari, and pigeons and doves during the period from 1990 till 2015. Although the CITES Convention has proven to contribute to protecting biodiversity and protecting endangered species by monitoring and regulating the trade with them, it has its limitations and shortcomings. These are described in this diploma thesis on the example of some specific cases.
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