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Evolution of Vicia cracca L. - distribution of cytotypes, their genetic variation and growth traits
Eliášová, Anežka ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vallejo-Marin, Mario (referee) ; Vašut, Radim Jan (referee)
A lot of the research has been made in the field of plant polyploidy since the discovery of this phenomenon. However, the more we know, the more questions arise. Overall, the most insistent questions remain: How did the polyploids arise and become established? Is it advantageous to be polyploid? We chose a perennial herb Vicia cracca L. to study the causes and consequences of polyploidisation on microevolution of a diploid-tetraploid complex in central European conditions. First, evidence from both flow cytometry and molecular markers (allozymes, DNA sequences, microsatellites) confirmed a hypothesised autopolyploid origin of tetraploids. Based on allozymes, we proved that tetraploids are genetically richer than diploid ancestors. However, we showed that the conclusions depend on statistics used for genetic variation measurements. Nevertheless, tetraploids of V. cracca suffered lesser reduction in seed production after artificial selfing than diploids. We thus infer that they profit from multiple allele dosage, which can mask deleterious alleles. We also corroborated an existence of a central European contact zone of diploids and tetraploids and discovered two other contact zones in south-western and south- eastern Europe. The central European contact zone with several mixed-ploidy populations served us as...
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Microevolutionary processes in selected genera of the Rosaceae family
Macková, Lenka ; Urfus, Tomáš (advisor) ; Paule, Juraj (referee) ; Vašut, Radim Jan (referee)
Polyploidization, hybridization and various reproductive strategies significantly contribute to plant evolution and diversity. Their direct influence on plant evolution is especially apparent in the Rosaceae family and is also mirrored in its still partly unclear and reticulate phylogeny. Two model genera were chosen to add a piece of knowledge to the puzzle of polyploidization, hybridization and apomixis in the Rosaceae. The results demonstrate both the creative and destructive force of hybridization and polyploidization, particularly in the genus Prunus. A significant proportion of wild Prunus fruticosa populations under examination underwent hybridization and genetic erosion. Crop-to-wild hybridization with both cultivated sour and sweet cherries has resulted in two morphologically indistinguishable hybrids markedly differing in ploidy level and reproductive potential. On the one hand, a triploid block was manifested in sterile triploid hybrids, but, on the other, partial fertility of tetraploid hybrids allowed repeated backcrossing (i.e. introgression). The crop-to-wild phenomenon has significant consequences for both conservation and agriculture. Polyploidization and hybridization are frequently accompanied by apomixis among the Rosaceae. Apomixis may play a substantial role in the...
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Evolution of Vicia cracca L. - distribution of cytotypes, their genetic variation and growth traits
Eliášová, Anežka ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vallejo-Marin, Mario (referee) ; Vašut, Radim Jan (referee)
A lot of the research has been made in the field of plant polyploidy since the discovery of this phenomenon. However, the more we know, the more questions arise. Overall, the most insistent questions remain: How did the polyploids arise and become established? Is it advantageous to be polyploid? We chose a perennial herb Vicia cracca L. to study the causes and consequences of polyploidisation on microevolution of a diploid-tetraploid complex in central European conditions. First, evidence from both flow cytometry and molecular markers (allozymes, DNA sequences, microsatellites) confirmed a hypothesised autopolyploid origin of tetraploids. Based on allozymes, we proved that tetraploids are genetically richer than diploid ancestors. However, we showed that the conclusions depend on statistics used for genetic variation measurements. Nevertheless, tetraploids of V. cracca suffered lesser reduction in seed production after artificial selfing than diploids. We thus infer that they profit from multiple allele dosage, which can mask deleterious alleles. We also corroborated an existence of a central European contact zone of diploids and tetraploids and discovered two other contact zones in south-western and south- eastern Europe. The central European contact zone with several mixed-ploidy populations served us as...
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Variabilní sedací prvek do veřejného prostoru
Vašut, Jan
A description of this thesis can be presented as the design of variable seating elements in two dimensional versions. Each element is intended for short-term seating in public interiors. The first section of the thesis is focused on the research and theory related to the design of seating furniture, while the second section examines the practical elements which make up the creation of a design from initial idea, sketches, and visualization, on to material selection and the final design.
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Návrh interiéru restaurace
Vašut, Jan
The aim of this work is to create research for furniture used in public interiors, particularly in restaurants. In this work the emphasis is on satisfying ergonomics not only for direct users, but for service too and many other factors, which are analyse in the work for the goal of creating interior. The specific aim is to maximum use of interior space by best possible way carefully and in affordable implementation. The result is a layout for a restaurant interior Poesie in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, which should be realized in later.
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